Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
Diagnosis in short
Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. H&E stain.
Synonyms	endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma
LM DDx	complex endometrial hyperplasia, microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix, endocervical adenocarcinoma, serous carcinoma of the endometrium - esp. for high-grade tumours, clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium, simple endometrial hyperplasia, endometrium with squamous morules
IHC	ER +ve, PR +ve, vimentin +ve, p16 -ve, CEA -ve
Gross	endometrial thickening
Grossing notes	hysterectomy for endometrial cancer grossing
Site	endometrium - see endometrial carcinoma
Associated Dx	obesity
Syndromes	Lynch syndrome, Cowden syndrome
Signs	abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
Prevalence	common
Prognosis	good - esp. low-grade
Treatment	usu. total hysterectomy

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, abbreviated EEC, is the most common type of endometrial carcinoma. It is strongly associated with obesity.

It is also known as endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma.

General

• Good prognosis - usually.
• Women in 40s & 50s.
• Associated with estrogen excess (unopossed estrogen stimulation).
  • Typical patient is obese.

Associated syndromes:

• Lynch syndrome.
• Cowden syndrome.

Gross

• Thickened endometrium.

Microscopic

Features:

• Atypical (ovoid) glands with - one of the following four:
  1. Desmoplastic stromal response.
  2. Confluent cribriform growth. †
  3. Extensive papillary growth. †
  4. Severe cytologic atypia. †
• Endometrioid features:
  • +/-Low-grade nuclear features.
  • Squamous metaplasia - very common.
    • Look for squamous morules:
      • Ball of cells with an intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm - key feature.
      • Central nucleus.
      • Intercellular bridges - may be hard to find.
      • +/-Dyskeratotic cells.

Notes:

• † There is a size cut-off for criteria 2, 3 and 4: > 2.1 mm.
• Dyskeratosis = abnormal keratinization; classically have intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm +/- nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis) - see: several dyskeratotic cells.
• Squamous metaplasia != neoplastic -- it may occur due to hormones.
• Squamous morules in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma - not associated with HPV infection.

DDx:

• Complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia.
• Complex endometrial hyperplasia.
• Microglandular hyperplasia of the cervix.
• Endocervical adenocarcinoma.
• Serous carcinoma of the endometrium - esp. if high-grade nuclear features are present diffusely.
• Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium - esp. when clear cells present.

Grading

• FIGO system most commonly used.
• Based on gland formation & adjusted by nuclear pleomorphism.

Preliminary grade based on gland formation:

• Grade 1: <5% solid component.
• Grade 2: 5-50% solid component.
• Grade 3: >50% solid component.

Modifiers/adjustment:

• High grade nuclei upgrades cancer by one.
  • Tadrous says: high grade nuclei = increased size, irregular large nucleoli, irregular chromatin pattern (clumped, coarse).
  • Winham et al. describe it as: nuclear pleomorphism identifiable with the 10× objective or enlarged nuclei (1.5-2× normal) with prominent nucleoli, irregular nuclear contours, and dispersed chromatin.

Images

• 

  EEA - low mag. (WC)

• 

  EEA - intermed. mag. (WC)

• 

  EEA - high mag. (WC)

• 

  EEA - very high mag. (WC)

www:

• Squamous morule with dyskeratotic cell (diagnosticpathology.org).

IHC

• Vimentin +ve.
• ER +ve.
• PR +ve.

Others:

• p16 -ve -- positive in serous endometrial carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma.
• CEA -ve.

Sign out

Biopsy

Endometrium, Curettage: 
- ENDOMETRIOID ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA, preliminary FIGO grade I.

Endometrium, Curettage:
- ENDOMETRIOID ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA, preliminary FIGO grade II.

Comment:
The architecture is in keeping with FIGO I; however, nuclear atypia is
present and therefore it is FIGO II.

Block letters

ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY: 
- ENDOMETRIOID ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA, FIGO GRADE I/III.

Hysterectomy

UTERUS WITH CERVIX AND FALLOPIAN TUBES, TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY AND BILATERAL SALPINGECTOMY:
- ENDOMETRIOID ENDOMETRIAL ADENOCARCINOMA, FIGO GRADE I/III, pT2, pNx.
-- SURGICAL MARGINS NEGATIVE.
-- PLEASE SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY.
- LEIOMYOMAS WITH HYALINIZATION.
- FALLOPIAN TUBES WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT PATHOLOGY.

Micro

The sections show endometrium with complex, fused and cribriform glands with scant intervening stroma over a region measuring greater than 2.1 millimetres. Focally, a desmoplastic stroma is also identified. No nuclear atypia is appreciated.

A subtle pattern of myoinvasion in low grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas, microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF) should be searched for in the absence of frank invasion. At low power, microcystic tumor glands lie separated by muscle from non-invasive carcinoma in edematous stroma. At higher power lie microcystic glands with neutrophils, as well as elongated glands lined by flattened tumor cells. Eosinophilic tumor cells or squamous cells can often be seen within the lumens.

Endocervical versus endometrial - biopsy

The foamy histiocytes in the stroma and lack of desmoplasia slightly favour an endometrial origin; however, the lesion would be best classified with an excisional specimen and in conjunction with the clinical impression.

See also

• Endometrial carcinoma.
• Endometrial hyperplasia.
• Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland.
• Microcystic elongated and fragmented glands in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (MELF).