Stomach adenoma

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Stomach adenoma, also gastric adenoma, is a precursor to adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Gastric columnar dysplasia, gastric dysplasia, and tubular adenoma of the stomach direct here.

General

  • Lesions that protrude into the lumen and are macroscopically apparent are known as: adenomas.[1]
  • Polypoid forms are grouped various ways.[2]

Grading

Like in the colon - they are divided into:

  • Low grade.
  • High grade.

Subclassification

One subclassification:[3]

Microscopic

  • Histologic criteria similar to columnar dysplasia in the esophagus.
    • The threshold is much lower than in the colon and rectum.

Foveolar type

Features:

  • Hyperchromasia at the surface - key feature.
  • Cytoplasm with (shortened) champagne flute-like luminal aspect (apical mucin caps).
  • Nuclear changes:
    • Hyperchromasia.
    • Enlargement.
  • No intestinal metaplasia.

DDx:

Intestinal type

Features - intestinal:

  • Intestinal metaplasia.
  • Hyperchromasia of cytoplasm.
  • Nuclear changes:
    • Loss of nuclear polarity.
    • Increased NC ratio.
    • Elongation of nucleus and pseudostratification.

DDx:

Images

www:

Grading

Low-grade gastric dysplasia

Features:

  • Nuclear changes:
    • Nuclear crowding/pseudostratification with hyperchromasia.
    • Elongation of nuclei (cigar-shaped nuclei).
    • Nuclear stratification intact; nuclei close to the basement membrane.
  • Architecture:
    • Focal irregularities in the glandular contours.

Negatives:

  • No desmoplasia.
  • No necrosis.
  • No surface maturation.

DDx:

  • Indefinite for dysplasia.
  • High-grade gastric columnar dysplasia - see below.
    • The threshold is much lower than in the colon and rectum!

Images:

High-grade gastric dysplasia

Features:

  • Nuclear changes:
    • Round hyperchromatic nuclei.
    • Loss of normal nuclear stratification.
  • Architecture:
    • Irregularities in the glandular contours.
    • Back-to-back glands.
    • +/-Cribriforming of the glands.
    • +/-Necrosis.

Negatives:

DDx:

Images

www:

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Indefinite for dypslasia

STOMACH, ANTRUM, BIOPSIES:
- ANTRAL-TYPE MUCOSA INDEFINITE FOR DYSPLASIA WITH MODERATE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.
- EXTENSIVE INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANSIMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Intestinal type

 STOMACH, ANTRUM, BIOPSIES:
- ANTRAL-TYPE MUCOSA WITH FOCUS OF LOW-GRADE DYSPLASIA (INTESTINAL TYPE).
- EXTENSIVE INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- MODERATE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANSIMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Foveolar type

STOMACH POLYP, EXCISION:
- ADENOMATOUS POLYP, FOVEOLAR TYPE.
- NEGATIVE FOR HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA. 
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.

Foveolar type with high-grade dysplasia

STOMACH POLYP, EXCISION:
- LARGE ADENOMATOUS POLYP (FOVEOLAR TYPE) WITH HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

See also

References

  1. Rugge, M.; Correa, P.; Dixon, MF.; Hattori, T.; Leandro, G.; Lewin, K.; Riddell, RH.; Sipponen, P. et al. (Feb 2000). "Gastric dysplasia: the Padova international classification.". Am J Surg Pathol 24 (2): 167-76. PMID 10680883.
  2. Park, do Y.; Lauwers, GY. (Apr 2008). "Gastric polyps: classification and management.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 132 (4): 633-40. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[633:GPCAM]2.0.CO;2. PMID 18384215. http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132%5B633:GPCAM%5D2.0.CO;2.
  3. URL: http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/gitumors/gastric-adenoma/printable.html. Accessed on: 18 December 2012.
  4. Wood, LD.; Salaria, SN.; Cruise, MW.; Giardiello, FM.; Montgomery, EA. (Mar 2014). "Upper GI tract lesions in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): enrichment of pyloric gland adenomas and other gastric and duodenal neoplasms.". Am J Surg Pathol 38 (3): 389-93. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000146. PMID 24525509.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kushima, R.; Kim, KM. (Sep 2011). "Interobserver Variation in the Diagnosis of Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia and Carcinoma between Two Pathologists in Japan and Korea.". J Gastric Cancer 11 (3): 141-5. doi:10.5230/jgc.2011.11.3.141. PMID 22076218.
  6. Correa, P.; Piazuelo, MB. (Jan 2012). "The gastric precancerous cascade.". J Dig Dis 13 (1): 2-9. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00550.x. PMID 22188910.