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Testis (view source)

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[[Image:Seminoma_of_the_Testis.jpg|thumb|150px|Orchiectomy specimen showing testis replaced by tumour (proven to be [[seminoma]]). (WC/Ed Uthman)]]
The '''testis''', plural '''testes''',  are important for survival of the species.  Tumours occasionally arise in 'em.  They generally are not biopsied.   
The '''testis''', plural '''testes''',  are important for survival of the species.  Tumours occasionally arise in 'em.  They generally are not biopsied.   


If the testis is biopsied, it is usually for fertility -- to understand whether the man is really azoospermic.
If the testis is biopsied, it is usually for [[male infertility|fertility]].  The [[cut-up]] of orchiectomy specimens is dealt with in ''[[orchiectomy grossing]]''.


=Normal testis=
=Normal testis=
==Gross==
===Gross===
Anatomy - deep to superficial:
Anatomy - deep to superficial:
*Tunica albuginea - fibrous layer.
*Tunica albuginea - fibrous layer.
*Tunica vaginalis - thin mesothelial layer.
*Tunica vaginalis - thin mesothelial layer.
**This layer is important in the [[cancer staging|staging]] of testicular tumours.


==Microscopic==
===Microscopic===
===Seminiferous tubules===
====Seminiferous tubules====
*Sertoli cells ([[AKA]] sustentacular cell [[AKA]] nurse cell).  
*Sertoli cells ([[AKA]] sustentacular cell [[AKA]] nurse cell).  
**Large cells with oval nucleus.  
**Large cells with oval nucleus.  
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**You don't see the tail on light microscopy.
**You don't see the tail on light microscopy.


====Images====
=====Images=====
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg | Seminiferous tubule and sperm - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm_low_mag.jpg | Seminiferous tubule and sperm - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm.jpg | Seminiferous tubule and sperm - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Seminiferous_tubule_and_sperm.jpg | Seminiferous tubule and sperm - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Benign seminiferous tubules and ITGCN. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_-_2_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Benign seminiferous tubules and GCNIS (ITGCN). (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
</gallery>
===Interstitial===
====Interstitial====
*Leydig cell ([[AKA]] interstitial cell).
*Leydig cell ([[AKA]] interstitial cell).
**Large eosinophilic cell.
**Large eosinophilic cell.
*[[Blood vessel]]s.
*[[Blood vessel]]s.


====Image====
=====Image=====
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Leydig_cells_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Leydig cells - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Leydig_cells_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Leydig cells - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
</gallery>
===Associated structures===
====Associated structures====
*Epididymis - stores the sperm.
*[[Epididymis]] - stores the sperm.
**Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia.
**Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia.


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*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=3&Case=27 Epididymis (webpathology.com)].
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=3&Case=27 Epididymis (webpathology.com)].


===Rete testis===
====Rete testis====
*Receives stuff from the tubules.
*Receives stuff from the tubules.
*Occasionally afflicted by ''[[adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis]]''.
*Very rarely give rise to an ''[[adenocarcinoma of the rete testis]]''.
*Very rarely give rise to an ''[[adenocarcinoma of the rete testis]]''.
*May be involved by [[seminoma]] - increases risk of relapse in a univariate analysis.<Ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Soper | first1 = MS. | last2 = Hastings | first2 = JR. | last3 = Cosmatos | first3 = HA. | last4 = Slezak | first4 = JM. | last5 = Wang | first5 = R. | last6 = Lodin | first6 = K. | title = Observation Versus Adjuvant Radiation or Chemotherapy in the Management of Stage I Seminoma: Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Relapse in a Large US Cohort. | journal = Am J Clin Oncol | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Dec | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1097/COC.0b013e318277d839 | PMID = 23275274 }}</ref>
*May be involved by [[seminoma]].
**Increases risk of relapse in a univariate analysis.<Ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Soper | first1 = MS. | last2 = Hastings | first2 = JR. | last3 = Cosmatos | first3 = HA. | last4 = Slezak | first4 = JM. | last5 = Wang | first5 = R. | last6 = Lodin | first6 = K. | title = Observation Versus Adjuvant Radiation or Chemotherapy in the Management of Stage I Seminoma: Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Relapse in a Large US Cohort. | journal = Am J Clin Oncol | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Dec | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1097/COC.0b013e318277d839 | PMID = 23275274 }}</ref>
**More common with (sometimes subtle) intertubular pattern of seminoma.<ref name=pmid16021570>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Browne | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Richie | first2 = JP. | last3 = Gilligan | first3 = TD. | last4 = Rubin | first4 = MA. | title = Intertubular growth in pure seminomas: associations with poor prognostic parameters. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 36 | issue = 6 | pages = 640-5 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.03.011 | PMID = 16021570 }}</ref>


Microscopic:
Microscopic:
*Delicate anastomosing channels lined by cuboid epithelium.
*Delicate anastomosing channels lined by cuboid epithelium.


====Images====
=====Images=====
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Rete_testis_high_mag.jpg | Rete testis (WC/Nephron)
Image:Rete_testis_high_mag.jpg | Rete testis (WC/Nephron)
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*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=5 Rete testis (webpathology.com)].
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=5 Rete testis (webpathology.com)].


===Appendix of testis===
====Appendix of testis====
Muellerian duct remnant.
*Muellerian duct remnant.


Microscopic:
Microscopic:
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*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=7 Appendix of testis (webpathology.com)].
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=27&n=7 Appendix of testis (webpathology.com)].


==Sign out==
===Sign out===
<pre>
<pre>
TESTICLE, RIGHT, ORCHIECTOMY:
TESTICLE, RIGHT, ORCHIECTOMY:
- TESTICLE WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
- TESTICLE WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
====Alternate====
<pre>
RIGHT TESTICLE, ORCHIDECTOMY:
- BENIGN TESTIS WITH SPERMATOGENESIS.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
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! Image
! Image
|-  
|-  
| [[Intratubular germ cell neoplasia]] (ITGCN)
| [[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (GCNIS)
| nests of small fried egg cells
| nests of small fried egg cells
| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, round ''or'' polygonal nuclear membrane, [[nucleoli]]<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP|538}}</ref>
| large central nucleus, clear <br>cytoplasm, round ''or'' polygonal nuclear membrane, [[nucleoli]]<ref name=Ref_GUP538>{{Ref GUP|538}}</ref>
| CD117
| CD117
| appearance similar to seminoma
| appearance similar to seminoma
| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg|thumb|center|150px|ITGCN (WC)]]
| [[Image:Intratubular_germ_cell_neoplasia_high_mag_cropped.jpg|thumb|center|150px|GCNIS (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Seminoma]]
| [[Seminoma]]
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| [[Image:Teratoma_2_low_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Teratoma (WC)]]
| [[Image:Teratoma_2_low_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Teratoma (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Spermatocytic seminoma]]
| [[Spermatocytic tumour]] (previously ''spermatocytic seminoma'')
| population of 3 cells  
| population of 3 cells  
| pop.: (1) small cell with high [[NC ratio]] (mature lymphocyte-like), (2) medium with nucleoli, (3) large cells with filamentous chromatin - few present
| pop.: (1) small cell with high [[NC ratio]] (mature lymphocyte-like), (2) medium with nucleoli, (3) large cells with filamentous chromatin - few present
| ?
| ?
| does not arise from ITGCN, no lymphocytic infiltrate (like in seminoma)
| does not arise from GCNIS, no lymphocytic infiltrate (like in seminoma)
| [[Image:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Spermatocytic seminoma (WC)]]
| [[Image:Spermatocytic_seminoma_high_mag.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Spermatocytic tumour (WC)]]
|-  
|-  
| [[Mixed germ cell tumour]]
| [[Mixed germ cell tumour]]
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=Benign=
=Benign=
==Testicular atrophy==
==Testicular atrophy==
:''Cryptorchidism'' redirects here.
*[[AKA]] ''atrophic testis''.
*[[AKA]] ''atrophic testis''.
*[[AKA]] ''atrophy of the testis''.
*[[AKA]] ''atrophy of the testis''.
===General===
{{Main|Testicular atrophy}}
*Microscopic appearance identical to ''cryptorchidism'' (undescended testis).<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_506-7>{{Ref PCPBoD8|506-7}}</ref>
 
===Gross===
*Decreased size.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_506-7>{{Ref PCPBoD8|506-7}}</ref>
*Thickening of seminiferous tubule basement membrane.
*Intertubular fibrosis.
*Decreased sperm/no sperm present.
 
Note:
*End-stage testicle - only has Sertoli cell within the seminiferous tubules.
 
Image:
*[http://www.surgicalpathologyatlas.com/glfusion/mediagallery/media.php?f=0&sort=0&s=20080802171227609 Testicular atrophy (surgicalpathologyatlas.com)].
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
TESTICLE, RIGHT, ORCHIECTOMY:
- ATROPHIC TESTICLE.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
====Micro====
The sections show seminiferous tubules surrounded by thick hyaline sleeves.  In a large number of sections only Sertoli cells are found in the tubules. 
 
In some sections poorly defined paucicellular tubular structures reminiscent of seminiferous tubules composed of hyaline material are present; these probably represent obsolete seminiferous tubules.  Focally, fibrosis is seen without definite tumour outlines.  There is no significant inflammation.  The rete testis is identified.
 
Rare seminiferous tubules have spermatid within. The germ cells seen do not have appreciable nuclear atypia.


Numerous small Leydig cell clusters are seen in some sections.
==Male infertility==
*This is a [[clinical diagnosis]].
{{Main|Male infertility}}


==Spermatocele==
==Spermatocele==
===General===
{{Main|Spermatocele}}
*Benign.
*Cyst of the epididymis (classic).
**May arise in the rete testis or [[vas deferens]].<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443432-overview]. Accessed on: 5 March 2012.</ref>
 
Clinical:
*Often asymptomatic.
*Excised due to pain or mass effect.<ref name=pmid18357964>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Walsh | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Seeger | first2 = KT. | last3 = Turek | first3 = PJ. | title = Spermatoceles in adults: when does size matter? | journal = Arch Androl | volume = 53 | issue = 6 | pages = 345-8 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 18357964 }}</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Cyst lined by a simple ciliated epithelium.
*Contain sperm.
**Head: ~1/2 the size of a [[RBC]], black.
**Tail: infrequently seen. 
 
Note:
*Small cellular clusters may be present.
**May mimic [[small cell carcinoma]].<ref name=pmid19740515>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lane | first1 = Z. | last2 = Epstein | first2 = JI. | title = Small blue cells mimicking small cell carcinoma in spermatocele and hydrocele specimens: a report of 5 cases. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 88-93 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.06.018 | PMID = 19740515 }}</ref>
 
DDx:
*[[Hydrocele testis]] - do not contain sperm.


====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Spermatocele_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Spermatocele - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Spermatocele_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Spermatocele - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=4&Case=40 Spermatocele - low mag. (webpathology.com)].
*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=5&Case=40 Spermatocele - high mag. (webpathology.com)].
==Hydrocele testis==
==Hydrocele testis==
*[[AKA]] ''hydrocele''.
*[[AKA]] ''hydrocele''.
===General===
{{Main|Hydrocele testis}}
*Benign.
**May be seen in association with a testicular neoplasm.<ref name=pmid9490992>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Junnila | first1 = J. | last2 = Lassen | first2 = P. | title = Testicular masses. | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 57 | issue = 4 | pages = 685-92 | month = Feb | year = 1998 | doi =  | PMID = 9490992 }}</ref>
*Common.<ref name=pmid20705202>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wampler | first1 = SM. | last2 = Llanes | first2 = M. | title = Common scrotal and testicular problems. | journal = Prim Care | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 613-26, x | month = Sep | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.pop.2010.04.009 | PMID = 20705202 }}</ref>
 
Clinical:
*Scrotal mass.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Cyst lined by a simple ciliated epithelium.
*Does '''not''' contain sperm.
 
DDx:
*[[Spermatocele]] - contains sperm.
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
HYDROCELE SAC, LEFT, EXCISION:
- CONSISTENT WITH HYDROCELE SAC.
</pre>
 
<pre>
SOFT TISSUE ("HYDROCELE SAC"),LEFT, EXCISION:
- FIBROADIPOSE TISSUE COVERED BY MESOTHELIUM WITH REACTIVE CHANGES -- CONSISTENT
  WITH HYDROCELE SAC.
- EPIDIDYMIS WITH SPERM (INCIDENTAL FINDING).
</pre>
 
====Micro====
The sections shows fragments of tissue compatible with a benign cyst, that had a fibrous wall and was lined by a simple epithelium. No spermatocytes are identified.
 
Benign connective tissue (including skeletal muscle, nerves and blood vessels) is also present.


==Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis==
==Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis==
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DDx:
DDx:
*[[ITGCN]].
*[[GCNIS]] (ITGCN).
*[[Seminoma]].
*[[Seminoma]].
*Tertiary [[syphilis]] - classically, plasma cell rich.<ref name=pmid22343746>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Sekita | first1 = N. | last2 = Nishikawa | first2 = R. | last3 = Fujimura | first3 = M. | last4 = Sugano | first4 = I. | last5 = Mikami | first5 = K. | title = [Syphilitic orchitis: a case report]. | journal = Hinyokika Kiyo | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 53-5 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 22343746 }}</ref>
*Tertiary [[syphilis]] - classically, plasma cell rich.<ref name=pmid22343746>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Sekita | first1 = N. | last2 = Nishikawa | first2 = R. | last3 = Fujimura | first3 = M. | last4 = Sugano | first4 = I. | last5 = Mikami | first5 = K. | title = [Syphilitic orchitis: a case report]. | journal = Hinyokika Kiyo | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 53-5 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 22343746 }}</ref>
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*[[Lymphoma]].<ref name=pmid21458170/>
*[[Lymphoma]].<ref name=pmid21458170/>
*[[Malakoplakia]].<ref name=pmid21458170/>
*[[Malakoplakia]].<ref name=pmid21458170/>
*BCG-associated orchitis.<ref name=pmid23856256>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Parker | first1 = SG. | last2 = Kommu | first2 = SS. | title = Post-intravesical BCG epididymo-orchitis: Case report and a review of the literature. | journal = Int J Surg Case Rep | volume = 4 | issue = 9 | pages = 768-70 | month =  | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.05.017 | PMID = 23856256 }}</ref><ref name=pmid12841318>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bulbul | first1 = MA. | last2 = Hijaz | first2 = A. | last3 = Beaini | first3 = M. | last4 = Araj | first4 = GF. | last5 = Tawil | first5 = A. | title = Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis following intravesical BCG for superficial bladder cancer. | journal = J Med Liban | volume = 50 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 67-9 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 12841318 }}</ref>


===Stains===
===Stains===
*AFB -ve -- for tuberculosis.
*AFB -ve -- for tuberculosis.
*[[Dieterle stain]] -ve -- for syphilis.
*[[Dieterle stain]] -ve -- for syphilis.
==Testicular scar==
{{Main|Testicular scar}}
==Testicular abscess==
{{Main|Testicular abscess}}
==Testicular torsion==
{{Main|Testicular torsion}}
==Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis==
{{Main|Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis}}
==Epidermoid cyst of the testis==
{{Main|Epidermoid cyst of the testis}}


=Premalignant=
=Premalignant=
==Intratubular germ cell neoplasia==
==Germ cell neoplasia in situ==
*Abbreviated ''ITGCN''.
*Previously ''intratubular germ cell neoplasia'' (abbreviated ''ITGCN'').
{{Main|Intratubular germ cell neoplasia}}
{{Main|Germ cell neoplasia in situ}}


=Germ cell tumours=
=Germ cell tumours=
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{{Main|Seminoma}}
{{Main|Seminoma}}


==Spermatocytic seminoma==
==Spermatocytic tumour==
{{Main|Spermatocytic seminoma}}
*Previously ''spermatocytic seminoma''.
{{Main|Spermatocytic tumour}}


==Yolk sac tumour==
==Yolk sac tumour==
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{{Main|Embryonal carcinoma}}
{{Main|Embryonal carcinoma}}
These often look like a poorly differentiated carcinoma.
These often look like a poorly differentiated carcinoma.
===General===
*Affects young adults.
**May be seen in women.
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_GUP549>{{Ref GUP|549}}</ref>
#Nucleoli - '''key feature'''.
#Vesicular nuclei (clear, empty appearing nuclei) - '''key feature'''.
#Nuclei overlap.
#[[Necrosis]] - common.
#*Not commonly present in seminoma.
#Indistinct cell borders
#Mitoses - common.
#Variable architecture:
#*Tubulopapillary.
#*Glandular.
#*Solid.
#*Embryoid bodies - ball of cells in surrounded by empty space on three sides.
Notes:
*Cytoplasmic staining variable (eosinophilic to basophilic).


==Choriocarcinoma==
==Choriocarcinoma==
{{Main|Choriocarcinoma}}
{{Main|Choriocarcinoma}}
These are aggressive tumours.
These are aggressive tumours.
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Syncytiotrophoblasts:
**Large + many irreg. or lobular hyperchromatic nuclei.
**Eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm (contains hCG).
*'''C'''ytotrophoblasts:
**'''C'''lear cytoplasm.
**Polygonal shaped cells in cords/masses.
**Distinct cell borders.
**Single uniform nucleus.
*+/-Hemorrhage.
*+/-Necrosis.


==Teratoma of the testis==
==Teratoma of the testis==
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*AKA ''testicular tubular adenoma''.
*AKA ''testicular tubular adenoma''.
*AKA ''tubular adenoma of the testis''.
*AKA ''tubular adenoma of the testis''.
===General===
{{Main|Sertoli cell nodule}}
*Benign proliferation of Sertoli cells - associated with cryptorchidism (undescended testis).
*Not composed of a clonal cell population, i.e. ''not'' neoplastic; thus, technically, should not be called an ''adenoma''.<ref name=Ref_DCHH227>{{Ref DCHH|227}}</ref>
 
===Gross===
*Usually an incidental finding, rarely presents as a testicular mass.<ref name=pmid21107095>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Vallangeon | first1 = BD. | last2 = Eble | first2 = JN. | last3 = Ulbright | first3 = TM. | title = Macroscopic sertoli cell nodule: a study of 6 cases that presented as testicular masses. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 34 | issue = 12 | pages = 1874-80 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181fcab70 | PMID = 21107095 }}</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_DCHH227>{{Ref DCHH|227}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ricco R, Bufo P |title=[Histologic study of 3 cases of so-called tubular adenoma of the testis] |language=Italian |journal=Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. |volume=56 |issue=20 |pages=2110–5 |year=1980 |month=October |pmid=6109541 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Unencapsulated nodules composed of well-formed tubules.
**May contain eosinophilic (hyaline) blob in lumen (centre).
*Cells - vaguely resemble immature Sertoli cells:
**Bland hyperchromatic oval/round nuclei that are stratified.
 
DDx:<ref name=pmid21107095/>
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]].
*[[Sex cord tumour with annular tubules]].
*[[Gonadoblastoma]].
 
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Sertoli_cell_nodule_high_mag.jpg | Sertoli cell nodule - high mag. (WC)
Image:Sertoli_cell_nodule_low_mag.jpg | Sertoli cell nodule - low mag. (WC)
</gallery>
===IHC===
Features:<ref name=pmid21107095/>
*Alpha-inhibin +ve (5/5 cases).
*OCT3/4 -ve (5/5 cases).
 
Other:
*PLAP -ve.
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
TESTICLE, LEFT, ORCHIECTOMY:
- ATROPHIC TESTICLE.
- SERTOLI CELL NODULES.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
 
COMMENT:
The above findings are supported by immunostains. The tubules stain with alpha-inhibin and
are negative for PLAP.
</pre>


==Sertoli cell tumour==
==Sertoli cell tumour==
Line 463: Line 325:


==Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis==
==Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis==
===General===
{{Main|Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis}}
*Extremely rare - a few dozen cases in the world literature.<ref name=pmid3799821>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Newbold | first1 = RR. | last2 = Bullock | first2 = BC. | last3 = McLachlan | first3 = JA. | title = Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. Diethylstilbestrol-induced lesions of the mouse rete testis. | journal = Am J Pathol | volume = 125 | issue = 3 | pages = 625-8 | month = Dec | year = 1986 | doi =  | PMID = 3799821 | PMC = 1888460 | URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1888460/?page=1}}</ref>
 
*Possible association of diethylstilbestrol.<ref name=pmid3799821/>
==Testicular adrenal rest tumour==
:Abbreviated ''TART''.
{{Main|Testicular adrenal rest tumour}}
 
==Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region==
{{Main|Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region}}


===Microscopic===
==Testicular metastasis==
Features:
{{Main|Testicular metastasis}}
*Adenocarcinoma:
**Tubular or papillary architecture.<ref name=pmid3799821/>
**Columnar cells with cigar-shaped nuclei.


====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Adenocarcinoma_of_the_rete_testis_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Adenocarcinoma_of_the_rete_testis_-_extra_-_high_mag.jpg | Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
=See also=
=See also=
*[[Genitourinary pathology]].
*[[Genitourinary pathology]].
Line 484: Line 343:
*[[Vas deferens]].
*[[Vas deferens]].
*[[Spermatic cord]].
*[[Spermatic cord]].
*[[Paratesticular region]].


=References=
=References=
Michael
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