Principles of gross pathology

Rectal excision at time of gross after marking ink has been applied.

This article discusses principles of gross pathology, also principles of grossing. It serves as an introduction to the topic of gross pathology and covers what is generally the minimum for a specimen.

Parameters

All specimens

• How it was received, e.g. 10% formalin, fresh.
• Label, e.g. "ECC".
• Dimension - at the very least one.
• Number of pieces - counted if less or equal to six, estimated if more.
• Appearance, e.g. fibrofatty tissue, tan tissue.

Other parameters

• Mass (weight).
• Inking.
• Tumour:
  • Size.
  • Distance to margins.
  • Border, e.g. infiltrative, well-circumscribed.
  • Colour.
  • Firmness.
  • Necrosis.
  • Hemorrhage.

Blocking principles

It makes sense to consistently submit blocks in a certain order. This avoids mix-ups that can lead to problems. The following conventions are arbitrary. The first pair can be remembered by... the first in the alphabet is first.

Blocking conventions

• Left before right.
• Anterior before posterior.
• Clockwise and starting at 12 o'clock.

Measurement principles

• It is preferable to make distance measurements to one reference point - this avoid calculations.
  • If the finding is a small tumour/mass (e.g. colonic polyp) it should be measured to the nearest margin if only one measure is given.

See also

• Gross pathology.
• Specimen opening - also known as freshing.