Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis, abbreviated PSC, is an uncommon medical liver disease that can afflicts the young and old, and is often associated with ulcerative colitis.

Pericholangitis is considered a synonym for small duct PSC.[1]

General

Serology:

  • p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) +ve in ~ 90% of cases.[4]

Diagnosis

  • Diagnosed radiologically.
    • Classically described as a chain of lakes.
  • Liver biopsy is rarely useful diagnostically[5] - as the disease may be patchy.
    • The utility of the biopsy is staging.

Treatment

  • None very good.
  • May be indication for transplant.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Classic: "onion-skinning" - cells layer around the bile ducts; "onion skin" present in approx. 40% of cases.[6]
    • Not pathognomonic for PSC[6] - but not too much else looks like this on microscopy (ergo good fellowship exam question).
  • +/-Ductopenia.
  • +/-Ductal proliferation.

Notes:

  • PSC often has minimal inflammation.[7]

DDx:

Staging

Features:[9]

  • Stage I - focal portal inflammation, +/- duct abnormalities, no fibrosis.
  • Stage II - portal enlargement (fibrosis), +/- inflammation.
  • Stage III - bridging fibrosis + necrosis.
  • Stage IV - cirrhosis.

Notes:

  • Similar to PBC staging.

Images

See also

References

  1. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181889-overview. Accessed on: 25 January 2012.
  2. Khurana V, Singh T. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. eMedicine.com. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/187724-overview. Accessed on: 29 November 2009.
  3. Jesudian, AB.; Jacobson, IM. (2009). "Screening and diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.". Rev Gastroenterol Disord 9 (2): E41-7. PMID 19668124.
  4. Terjung, B.; Worman, HJ. (Aug 2001). "Anti-neutrophil antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis.". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 15 (4): 629-42. doi:10.1053/bega.2001.0209. PMID 11492972.
  5. Khurana V, Singh T. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. eMedicine.com. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/187724-diagnosis. Accessed on: 29 November 2009.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Steele et al. URL: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/552500_6. Accessed on: 29 November 2009.
  7. STC. 9 December 2010.
  8. Deshpande, V.; Sainani, NI.; Chung, RT.; Pratt, DS.; Mentha, G.; Rubbia-Brandt, L.; Lauwers, GY. (Oct 2009). "IgG4-associated cholangitis: a comparative histological and immunophenotypic study with primary sclerosing cholangitis on liver biopsy material.". Mod Pathol 22 (10): 1287-95. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.94. PMID 19633647.
  9. Steele et al. URL: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/552500_6. Accessed on: 29 November 2009.
  10. URL: http://trialx.com/curebyte/2011/07/08/clinical-trials-and-images-of-primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/. Accessed on: 1 January 2012.
  11. URL: http://www.onmedica.com/NewsArticle.aspx?id=d7f992b5-6dee-46c6-8383-bbdfb4528ccc. Accessed on: 1 January 2011.
  12. Mendes, F.; Lindor, KD. (Nov 2010). "Primary sclerosing cholangitis: overview and update.". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 7 (11): 611-9. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.155. PMID 20938459.