Difference between revisions of "Penis"

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===Pre-cancerous===
===Pre-cancerous===
*Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
*[[Penile intraepithelial neoplasia]] (PeIN).
*Paget disease (like [[extramammary Paget disease]]). (???)
*Paget disease (like [[extramammary Paget disease]]). (???)


===Neoplastic===
===Neoplastic===
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis|Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Merkel cell carcinoma]].
*[[Merkel cell carcinoma]].
*[[Sebaceous carcinoma]].
*[[Sebaceous carcinoma]].
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DDx - general:
DDx - general:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]] - nuclear atypia.
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]] - nuclear atypia + invasion.
*[[Penile intraepithelial neoplasia]] - nuclear atypia.
*[[Lichen sclerosus]] - supeficial dermal fibrosis with thinned epidermis.
*[[Lichen sclerosus]] - supeficial dermal fibrosis with thinned epidermis.
*[[Lichen planus]] - interface dermatitis with apoptotic bodies.
*[[Lichen planus]] - interface dermatitis with apoptotic bodies.
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====Images====
====Images====
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895202/figure/F2/ Zoon balanitis (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid20652106/>
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895202/figure/F2/ Zoon balanitis (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid20652106/>
<gallery>
Image: Penis Zoons Balanitis MP 4 PA.jpg|Note the flattened 'lozenge' keratinocytes separated by spongiosis (SKB).
Image: Penis Zoons Balanitis MP 3 PA.jpg|The epidermis is very atrophic in this example but shows 'lozenge' keratinocytes and spongiosis (SKB).
Image: Penis Zoon Balanitis SNP.jpg||This example might at first glance appear to be a lichenoid balanitis but the thin layer of epidermis is actually intact (SKB).
</gallery>


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Latest revision as of 04:14, 22 July 2015

The penis is occasionally afflicted by disease that the pathologist sees

It is afflicted by common skin pathologies.

Normal

  • Corpus spongiosum - fills with blood during erection.[1]
  • Corpus cavernosum - around the urethra.

Image

Diseases

Inflammatory

Infectious

Other non-tumour

Pre-cancerous

Neoplastic

Others:

Specific conditions

Phimosis

General

  • Cannot retract foreskin.
  • This is a clinical diagnosis.

Microscopic

Features:[2]

  • +/-Inflammation.
  • Fibrosis.

Notes: Findings non-specific.

DDx - general:

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FORESKIN, CIRCUMCISION:
- SKIN WITH PATCHY MILD NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
FORESKIN, EXCISION:
- KERATINIZED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITH PATCHY MILD NON-SPECIFIC
  SUBEPITHELIAL INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
FORESKIN, CIRCUMCISION:
- BENIGN KERATINIZED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.
- MILDLY FIBROUS SUBEPITHELIAL TISSUE WITH MINIMAL PATCHY NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Micro

The sections show skin with mild patchy chronic inflammation, consisting predominantly of lymphocytes, at the dermal-epidermal junction. The epidermis matures to the surface, has rete ridges and is of a normal thickness. Focally, parakeratosis is present. No significant nuclear atypia is identified.

Thinned epidermis

The sections show skin with mild patchy chronic inflammation, consisting predominantly of lymphocytes, at the dermal-epidermal junction. Eosinophils are not readily apparent.

The epidermis matures to the surface; however, it is thinned and focally flattened appearing. No hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis is apparent. The superficial dermis is minimally hyalinized focally. No significant nuclear atypia is identified.

Alternate

The sections show skin with mild patchy chronic inflammation, consisting predominantly of lymphocytes, at the dermal-epidermal junction. Eosinophils are not readily apparent. The epidermis matures to the surface; however, it is focally thinned and focally flattened. No significant hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis is apparent. The superficial dermis shows no apparent fibrosis. No significant nuclear atypia is identified.

Penile fibromatosis

  • AKA Peyronie's disease.

General

  • Prevalence ~5%.[3]

Treatment:

  • Conservative versus surgery.

Gross

  • Abnormal curvature of the penis, esp. in the erect state.

Microscopic

Features:[3]

  • Tunica albuginea fibrosis.

Zoon balanitis

  • AKA balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis.[4]
  • AKA plasma cell balanitis.[5]

General

Treatment:[6]

  • Circumcision.
  • Corticosteroids.

Microscopic

Features:[4]

DDx:

Images

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PENILE FORESKIN, CIRCUMCISION:
- COMPATIBLE WITH PLASMA CELL BALANITIS (ZOON BALANITIS), SEE COMMENT.

COMMENT:
A treponemal infection should be considered clinically.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

See also

References

  1. Zhang, XH.; Melman, A.; Disanto, ME. (Jul 2011). "Update on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle contractile pathways in erectile function: a role for testosterone?". J Sex Med 8 (7): 1865-79. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02218.x. PMID 21324096.
  2. Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 391. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Serefoglu, EC.; Hellstrom, WJ. (Dec 2011). "Treatment of Peyronie's disease: 2012 update.". Curr Urol Rep 12 (6): 444-52. doi:10.1007/s11934-011-0212-2. PMID 21818660.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Balato, N.; Scalvenzi, M.; La Bella, S.; Di Costanzo, L. (2009). "Zoon's Balanitis: Benign or Premalignant Lesion?". Case Rep Dermatol 1 (1): 7-10. doi:10.1159/000210440. PMID 20652106.
  5. Korenaga, D.; Kanematsu, T.; Watanabe, A.; Maehara, Y.; Kitano, S.; Sugimachi, K. (Feb 1991). "Clinical management of gastric cancer and concomitant esophagogastric varices.". J Surg Oncol 46 (2): 91-6. PMID 1992223.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Yoganathan, S.; Bohl, TG.; Mason, G. (Dec 1994). "Plasma cell balanitis and vulvitis (of Zoon). A study of 10 cases.". J Reprod Med 39 (12): 939-44. PMID 7884748.

External links