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Difference between revisions of "Neuropathology"
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→Multiple sclerosis: +Neuromyelitis optica
(→Multiple sclerosis: +several images, fix sp., add abbrev.) |
(→Multiple sclerosis: +Neuromyelitis optica) |
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| Line 565: | Line 565: | ||
*Early remyelinating. | *Early remyelinating. | ||
*Late remyelinating. | *Late remyelinating. | ||
DDx: | |||
*[[ADEM]]. | |||
*[[Neuromyelitis optica]]. | |||
*[[Lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Diffuse astrocytoma]]. | |||
Images: | Images: | ||
| Line 573: | Line 579: | ||
*HAM-56 - macrophages. | *HAM-56 - macrophages. | ||
*CD8 - lymphocytes. | *CD8 - lymphocytes. | ||
==Neuromyelitis optica== | |||
*Abbreviated ''NMO''. | |||
===General=== | |||
*Rare autoimmune disease - once considered a variant of [[multiple sclerosis]]. | |||
**Autoantibodies directed at aquaporin-4.<ref name=pmid22087205>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kim | first1 = W. | last2 = Kim | first2 = SH. | last3 = Kim | first3 = HJ. | title = New insights into neuromyelitis optica. | journal = J Clin Neurol | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 115-27 | month = Sep | year = 2011 | doi = 10.3988/jcn.2011.7.3.115 | PMID = 22087205 }}</ref> | |||
Diagnosis: | |||
*NMO-IgG. | |||
Clinical - preferentially: | |||
*Eye (optic neuritis). | |||
*Spinal cord (myelitis). | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Inflammation - lymphocytes, macrophages. | |||
*Reactive astrocytes. | |||
Images: | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case637.html Neuromyelitis optica - several images (upmc.edu)]. | |||
===IHC=== | |||
*Mixed lymphocyte population with CD3 > CD20. | |||
*Aquaporin-4 loss. | |||
==Cerebral amyloid angiopathy== | ==Cerebral amyloid angiopathy== | ||