Difference between revisions of "Myxomatous degeneration"

From Libre Pathology
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(redirect)
 
(+infobox)
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
#redirect [[Heart_valves#Myxomatous_degeneration]]
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Myxomatous_aortic_valve.jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Myxomatous valve. [[Movat stain]]. (WC)
| Synonyms  =
| Micro      = thinning of fibrosa layer, thickening of ''spongiosa layer'' with mucoid (myxomatous) material, +/-secondary changes due to valvular dysfunction (e.g. thrombi, fibrosis)
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      =
| Stains    = [[Movat stain]] - to demonstrate mucoid material
| IHC        =
| EM        =
| Molecular  =
| IF        =
| Gross      = valve thickened, rubbery consistency, reactive/secondary changes common (fibrosis due to prolapse/abnormal contact of valve with other structures, clots/organized thrombus due to stasis)
| Grossing  = [[Mitral valve grossing]]
| Site      = [[heart valve]], typical mitral valve
| Assdx      =
| Syndromes  = [[Marfan's syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]]
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  =
| Prevalence = uncommon
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  =
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    =
| Tx        = surgical replacement
}}
'''Myxomatous degeneration''' of [[heart valves]] is rare benign condition that is typically seen in the mitral valve, and may be associated with various genetic conditions.
 
==General==
*Usually affects the mitral valve.
*Female > male,<ref>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/759004-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/759004-overview]. Accessed on: 8 June 2010.</ref> disputed by Toronto data.<ref name=leong>{{cite journal |author=Leong SW, Soor GS, Butany J, Henry J, Thangaroopan M, Leask RL |title=Morphological findings in 192 surgically excised native mitral valves |journal=Can J Cardiol |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=1055-61 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17036100 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Associated with [[Marfan's syndrome]] and [[Turner syndrome]] (Monosomy X).<ref name=pmid779595>{{cite journal |author=Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Ranganathan N, Silver MC |title=Mitral valve prolapse |journal=Annu. Rev. Med. |volume=27 |issue= |pages=165–80 |year=1976 |pmid=779595 |doi=10.1146/annurev.me.27.020176.001121 |url=}}</ref>
 
==Gross==
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD591>{{Ref PBoD|591}}</ref>
*No commissural fusion.
**Commissural fusion typical of rheumatic heart disease.
*Thickened.
*Rubbery consistency.
*Reactive/secondary changes.
**Fibrosis due to prolapse/abnormal contact of valve with other structures.
**Clots/organized thrombus - due to stasis.
 
==Microscopic==
*Thinning of ''fibrosa layer''.
*Thickening of ''spongiosa layer'' with mucoid (myxomatous) material. (key feature).
*+/-Secondary changes (due to valvular dysfunction): thrombi, fibrosis.
 
==Staining==
*Movat stain.
**Acid fuchsin, alcian blue, crocein scarlet, elastic hematoxylin, pathology consultation, and saffron.<ref>URL: [http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/9832 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/9832]. Accessed on: 8 June 2010.</ref><ref name=penn_med>Modified Movat's Pentachrome Stain. University Penn Medicine. URL: [http://www.med.upenn.edu/mcrc/histology_core/movat.shtml http://www.med.upenn.edu/mcrc/histology_core/movat.shtml]. Accessed on: January 29, 2009.</ref>
 
Interpretation of Movat stain:<ref name=penn_med/>
*Black = nuclei and elastic fibers.
*Yellow = collagen and reticular fibers.
*Blue = mucin, ground substance.
*Red (intense) = fibrin.
*Red = muscle.
 
===Image===
<gallery>
Image:Myxomatous_aortic_valve.jpg | Myxomatous valve. [[Movat stain]]. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
 
==See also==
*[[Heart valves]].
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Heart valves]]

Latest revision as of 05:58, 5 April 2015

Myxomatous degeneration
Diagnosis in short

Myxomatous valve. Movat stain. (WC)

LM thinning of fibrosa layer, thickening of spongiosa layer with mucoid (myxomatous) material, +/-secondary changes due to valvular dysfunction (e.g. thrombi, fibrosis)
Stains Movat stain - to demonstrate mucoid material
Gross valve thickened, rubbery consistency, reactive/secondary changes common (fibrosis due to prolapse/abnormal contact of valve with other structures, clots/organized thrombus due to stasis)
Grossing notes Mitral valve grossing
Site heart valve, typical mitral valve

Syndromes Marfan's syndrome, Turner syndrome

Prevalence uncommon
Treatment surgical replacement

Myxomatous degeneration of heart valves is rare benign condition that is typically seen in the mitral valve, and may be associated with various genetic conditions.

General

Gross

Features:[4]

  • No commissural fusion.
    • Commissural fusion typical of rheumatic heart disease.
  • Thickened.
  • Rubbery consistency.
  • Reactive/secondary changes.
    • Fibrosis due to prolapse/abnormal contact of valve with other structures.
    • Clots/organized thrombus - due to stasis.

Microscopic

  • Thinning of fibrosa layer.
  • Thickening of spongiosa layer with mucoid (myxomatous) material. (key feature).
  • +/-Secondary changes (due to valvular dysfunction): thrombi, fibrosis.

Staining

  • Movat stain.
    • Acid fuchsin, alcian blue, crocein scarlet, elastic hematoxylin, pathology consultation, and saffron.[5][6]

Interpretation of Movat stain:[6]

  • Black = nuclei and elastic fibers.
  • Yellow = collagen and reticular fibers.
  • Blue = mucin, ground substance.
  • Red (intense) = fibrin.
  • Red = muscle.

Image

See also

References

  1. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/759004-overview. Accessed on: 8 June 2010.
  2. Leong SW, Soor GS, Butany J, Henry J, Thangaroopan M, Leask RL (October 2006). "Morphological findings in 192 surgically excised native mitral valves". Can J Cardiol 22 (12): 1055-61. PMID 17036100.
  3. Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Ranganathan N, Silver MC (1976). "Mitral valve prolapse". Annu. Rev. Med. 27: 165–80. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.27.020176.001121. PMID 779595.
  4. Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 591. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
  5. URL: http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/9832. Accessed on: 8 June 2010.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Modified Movat's Pentachrome Stain. University Penn Medicine. URL: http://www.med.upenn.edu/mcrc/histology_core/movat.shtml. Accessed on: January 29, 2009.