Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder

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Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder is a rare benign change of the urinary bladder associated with an increased risk of malignancy;[1] however, it is not considered a pre-malignant condition.[2][3]

General

  • Rare.[3]
    • Non-keratinizing squamous metaplasia can be considered normal and is relatively common in trigone region of the bladder in women.[citation needed]
  • Large age range (13-80 years).[1]
  • Predominantly males - almost 4:1 (27 males:7 females in one series[1]).

Treatment:

  • Follow-up is recommended.[3]

Microscopic

Features:

  • Squamous epithelium with hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis.

DDx:

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Urinary Bladder Lesion, Biopsy:
- Extensive squamous metaplasia with degenerative changes and acute 
  and chronic inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.

Comment:
Follow-up is recommended.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Khan, MS.; Thornhill, JA.; Gaffney, E.; Loftus, B.; Butler, MR. (Nov 2002). "Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the bladder: natural history and rationalization of management based on review of 54 years experience.". Eur Urol 42 (5): 469-74. PMID 12429156.
  2. Kvist, E.; Sjølin, KE.; Laursen, H.; Orntoft, TF.; Sturmer, MA. (Jul 1992). "Squamous cell metaplasia of the bladder urothelium. A retrospective study of 36 patients.". APMIS 100 (7): 650-4. PMID 1379440.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ahmad, I.; Barnetson, RJ.; Krishna, NS. (2008). "Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder: a review.". Urol Int 81 (3): 247-51. doi:10.1159/000151398. PMID 18931537.