Difference between revisions of "Duodenum"

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Duodenum (view source)

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→‎Gangliocytic paraganglioma: split out
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==Gangliocytic paraganglioma==
==Gangliocytic paraganglioma==
*Abbreviated ''GP''.
*Abbreviated ''GP''.
===General===
{{Main|Gangliocytic paraganglioma}}
*Extremely rare.<ref name=pmid22340577>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wu | first1 = GC. | last2 = Wang | first2 = KL. | last3 = Zhang | first3 = ZT. | title = Gangliocytic paraganglioma of the duodenum: a case report. | journal = Chin Med J (Engl) | volume = 125 | issue = 2 | pages = 388-9 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 22340577 }}</ref>
*May be associated with [[neurofibromatosis type 1]].<ref name=pmid12754392>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Castoldi | first1 = L. | last2 = De Rai | first2 = P. | last3 = Marini | first3 = A. | last4 = Ferrero | first4 = S. | last5 = De Luca | first5 = V. | last6 = Tiberio | first6 = G. | title = Neurofibromatosis-1 and Ampullary Gangliocytic Paraganglioma Causing Biliary and Pancreatic Obstruction. | journal = Int J Gastrointest Cancer | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | pages = 93-98 | month =  | year = 2001 | doi =  | PMID = 12754392 }}</ref>
*Classified a [[neuroendocrine tumour]].<ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/SmallbowelNET_11protocol.pdf http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/SmallbowelNET_11protocol.pdf]. Accessed on: 29 March 2012.</ref>
*Usually has a mix of the features seen in: [[neuroendocrine tumour]]s, [[paraganglioma]]s and [[ganglioneuroma]]s.
 
Clinical - presentation:<ref name=pmid21599949/>
*GI bleed ~ 45% of cases.
*Abdominal pain ~ 43% of cases.
*[[Anemia]] ~ 15% of cases.
 
===Gross===
*Classically in the duodenum ~90% of cases.<ref name=pmid21599949>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Okubo | first1 = Y. | last2 = Wakayama | first2 = M. | last3 = Nemoto | first3 = T. | last4 = Kitahara | first4 = K. | last5 = Nakayama | first5 = H. | last6 = Shibuya | first6 = K. | last7 = Yokose | first7 = T. | last8 = Yamada | first8 = M. | last9 = Shimodaira | first9 = K. | title = Literature survey on epidemiology and pathology of gangliocytic paraganglioma. | journal = BMC Cancer | volume = 11 | issue =  | pages = 187 | month =  | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2407-11-187 | PMID = 21599949 }}</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features - three components:<ref name=pmid15740625>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wong | first1 = A. | last2 = Miller | first2 = AR. | last3 = Metter | first3 = J. | last4 = Thomas | first4 = CR. | title = Locally advanced duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma treated with adjuvant radiation therapy: case report and review of the literature. | journal = World J Surg Oncol | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 15 | month = Mar | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1186/1477-7819-3-15 | PMID = 15740625 }}</ref><ref>URL: [http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/gitumors/gangliocytic-paraganglioma/printable.html http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/gitumors/gangliocytic-paraganglioma/printable.html]. Accessed on: 31 May 2012.</ref>
#Ganglion cells = large cells with:
#*Round large nucleus.
#*Prominent [[nucleolus]].
#*Moderate or abundant cytoplasm.
#Epithelioid cells (neuroendocrine component):
#*Arranged in nests or cords.
#*Stippled chromatin.
#Spindle cells ([[Schwannoma|schwannian]] component):
#*Moderate or abundant cytoplasm.
#*Nucleus spindle-shaped or ellipsoid.
 
DDx:<ref name=pmid15740625/>
*Poorly differentiated carcinoma.
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*[[Paraganglioma]].
 
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Gangliocytic_paraganglioma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | GP - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Gangliocytic_paraganglioma_-_high_mag.jpg | GP - high mag. (WC)
Image:Gangliocytic_paraganglioma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | GP - very high mag. (WC)
Image:Gangliocytic_paraganglioma_-_2_-_intermed_mag.jpg | GP - 2 - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Gangliocytic_paraganglioma_-_2_-_high_mag.jpg | GP - 2 - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.wjso.com/content/3/1/15/figure/F2 Epithelioid cells of a GP (wjso.com)].
*[http://www.wjso.com/content/3/1/15/figure/F4 Ganglion cell in a GP (wjso.com)].
*[http://www.pubcan.org/images/large/Fig_5-17_A.jpg Ganglion cells in a GP (pubcan.org)].<ref>URL: [http://www.pubcan.org/printicdotopo.php?id=5028 http://www.pubcan.org/printicdotopo.php?id=5028]. Accessed on: 15 April 2012.</ref>
*[http://www.surgicalpathologyatlas.com/glfusion/mediagallery/media.php?f=0&sort=0&s=20080802175012135 GP (surgicalpathologyatlas.com)].
 
===IHC===
*Synaptophysin +ve.
*CD56 +ve.
*Chromogranin A +ve.
*HU +ve in ganglion-like cells.
*S100 +ve in spindle cells & sustentacular cells.


==Pseudomelanosis duodeni==
==Pseudomelanosis duodeni==
Michael
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