Difference between revisions of "Ditzels"

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Ditzels (view source)

Revision as of 22:04, 5 April 2016

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→‎Vascular thrombus: split out
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{{Main|Cardiovascular pathology}}
{{Main|Cardiovascular pathology}}
==Vascular thrombus==
==Vascular thrombus==
:''Venous thrombus'' and ''arterial thrombus'' redirect here.
{{Main|Vascular thrombus}}
===General===
*Uncommonly comes to pathology.
 
Risk factors - think [[Virchow's triad]]:
*Stasis, e.g. atrial fibrillation.
*Hypercoagulable states, e.g. cancer - see ''[[risks factors venous thromboembolism]]''.
*Endothelial injury.
 
===Gross===
: See ''[[pulmonary embolism]]''.
Features:
*Dull appearance.
*Laminations.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Layers consisting of platelets and fibrin.
**Classically alternating with layers of RBCs - known as ''Lines of Zahn''.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_124>{{Ref PBoD8|124}}</ref>
 
Note:
*Multiple laminations (layers), in general, suggest that clot was formed in a dynamic environment, i.e. in the context of blood flow.
 
DDx:
*Tumour embolus - malignant cells.
*Thromboembolus - may require [[clinical history]].
*[[Fat embolism]].
*Amniotic fluid embolus - in the context of pregnancy/postpartum.
*Foreign body.
 
Images:
*www:
**[http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ATHHTML/ATH031.html Lines of Zahn (utah.edu)].
**[http://pathhsw5m54.ucsf.edu/case9/image94.html Lines of Zahn (ucsf.edu)].
*[[WC]]:
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laminations_in_a_thrombus_-_low_mag.jpg Laminated thrombus - low mag. (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laminations_in_a_thrombus_-_high_mag.jpg Laminated thrombus - high mag. (WC)].
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
BLOOD CLOT, LEFT ILIAC ARTERY, THROMBECTOMY:
- THROMBUS.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
<pre>
BLOOD CLOT, LEFT ARM - BRACHIAL ARTERY, THROMBECTOMY/EMBOLECTOMY:
- THROMBUS.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
====Micro====
The sections show layers of red blood cells alternating with fibrin and white blood cells (Lines of Zahn).


==Leg amputation==
==Leg amputation==
Michael
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