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Difference between revisions of "Diabetes mellitus"
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'''Diabetes mellitus''', often just '''diabetes''', is a common affliction that is increasing with the expanding waistlines. It is commonly abbreviated '''DM'''. | [[Image:Main symptoms of diabetes.svg|thumb|right|350px|The manifestations of diabetes mellitus from a clinical perspective. (WC/Mikael Häggström)]] | ||
'''Diabetes mellitus''', often just '''[[diabetes]]''', is a common affliction that is increasing with the expanding waistlines. It is commonly abbreviated '''DM'''. | |||
=General= | =General= | ||
*Major cardiovascular risk factor. | *Major cardiovascular risk factor. | ||
*Many subtypes. | *Many subtypes. | ||
**Most common: DM type 2 -- strongly | **Most common: DM type 2 -- strongly associated with [[obesity]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
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==Classic complications== | ==Classic complications== | ||
Family medicine - mnemonic ''HELP'': | Family medicine - mnemonic ''HELP'': | ||
*H - HbA1c, [[ | *H - HbA1c, [[hypertension]]. | ||
*E - [[eye]]. | *E - [[eye]]. | ||
*L - lipids. | *L - lipids. | ||
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==Placental pathology== | ==Placental pathology== | ||
*[[Placentomegaly]]. | |||
*[[Placental villous immaturity]]. | *[[Placental villous immaturity]]. | ||
*[[Chorangiosis]].<ref name=pmid20594143>{{cite journal |author=Amer HZ, Heller DS |title=Chorangioma and related vascular lesions of the placenta--a review |journal=Fetal Pediatr Pathol |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=199–206 |year=2010 |pmid=20594143 |doi=10.3109/15513815.2010.487009 |url=}}</ref> | *[[Chorangiosis]].<ref name=pmid20594143>{{cite journal |author=Amer HZ, Heller DS |title=Chorangioma and related vascular lesions of the placenta--a review |journal=Fetal Pediatr Pathol |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=199–206 |year=2010 |pmid=20594143 |doi=10.3109/15513815.2010.487009 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Two-vessel cord.<ref name=pmid7997408>{{cite journal |author=Lilja M |title=Infants with single umbilical artery studied in a national registry. 3: A case control study of risk factors |journal=Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=325–33 |year=1994 |month=July |pmid=7997408 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Two-vessel cord]].<ref name=pmid7997408>{{cite journal |author=Lilja M |title=Infants with single umbilical artery studied in a national registry. 3: A case control study of risk factors |journal=Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=325–33 |year=1994 |month=July |pmid=7997408 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Cardiovascular pathology== | ==Cardiovascular pathology== | ||
*[[Atherosclerosis]]. | *[[Atherosclerosis]]. | ||
**[[Coronary artery disease]]. | |||
***[[Myocardial infarction]]. | |||
***[[Congestive heart failure]]. | |||
**[[Stroke]]. | |||
**[[Peripheral vascular disease]]. | |||
*[[Arterial hyaline]] - in both afferent and efferent arteriole of the [[kidney]]. | *[[Arterial hyaline]] - in both afferent and efferent arteriole of the [[kidney]]. | ||
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==Forensic pathology== | ==Forensic pathology== | ||
*Diabetic coma ( | *Diabetic coma (preceding death) at [[autopsy]] - may be demonstrated with an elevated glucose in the vitreous fluid.<ref name=pmid19167848>{{Cite journal | last1 = Zilg | first1 = B. | last2 = Alkass | first2 = K. | last3 = Berg | first3 = S. | last4 = Druid | first4 = H. | title = Postmortem identification of hyperglycemia. | journal = Forensic Sci Int | volume = 185 | issue = 1-3 | pages = 89-95 | month = Mar | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.12.017 | PMID = 19167848 }}</ref> | ||
=References= | =References= | ||