Difference between revisions of "Colon"

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(+insert images)
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**Organ transplant recipients.
**Organ transplant recipients.
**[[HIV|HIV/AIDS]].
**[[HIV|HIV/AIDS]].
***Images:
 
****[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CMV_colitis_-_high_mag_-_cropped.jpg CMV colitis - high. mag. (WC)].
Images:
****[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CMV_colitis_-_intermed_mag.jpg CMV colitis - intermed. mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
Image:CMV_colitis_-_high_mag_-_cropped.jpg | CMV colitis - high. mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:CMV_colitis_-_intermed_mag.jpg | CMV colitis - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>


=Grossing=
=Grossing=
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Most common (images):
Most common (images):
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hyperplastic_polyp1.jpg Hyperplastic polyp image - intermed. mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hyperplastic_polyp2.jpg Hyperplastic polyp image - low mag. (WC)].
Image:Hyperplastic_polyp1.jpg | Hyperplastic polyp image - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
 
Image:Hyperplastic_polyp2.jpg | Hyperplastic polyp image - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
==Ischemic colitis==
==Ischemic colitis==
*[[AKA]] ''colonic ischemia''.
*[[AKA]] ''colonic ischemia''.
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*Wall thickening (reactive).<ref name=pmid21359889>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Nicholson | first1 = BD. | last2 = Hyland | first2 = R. | last3 = Rembacken | first3 = BJ. | last4 = Denyer | first4 = M. | last5 = Hull | first5 = MA. | last6 = Tolan | first6 = DJ. | title = Colonoscopy for colonic wall thickening at computed tomography: a worthwhile pursuit? | journal = Surg Endosc | volume = 25 | issue = 8 | pages = 2586-91 | month = Aug | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1007/s00464-011-1591-7 | PMID = 21359889 }}</ref>
*Wall thickening (reactive).<ref name=pmid21359889>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Nicholson | first1 = BD. | last2 = Hyland | first2 = R. | last3 = Rembacken | first3 = BJ. | last4 = Denyer | first4 = M. | last5 = Hull | first5 = MA. | last6 = Tolan | first6 = DJ. | title = Colonoscopy for colonic wall thickening at computed tomography: a worthwhile pursuit? | journal = Surg Endosc | volume = 25 | issue = 8 | pages = 2586-91 | month = Aug | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1007/s00464-011-1591-7 | PMID = 21359889 }}</ref>


Endoscopic image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diverticulosis_2.jpg DD (WC)].
Endoscopic image: <gallery>Image:Diverticulosis_2.jpg | DD (WC)</gallery>
===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
Features:
Features:
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Images:
Images:
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PMC_1.jpg Pseudomembranous colitis - endoscopic image (WP/Samir)].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PMC_1.jpg Pseudomembranous colitis - endoscopic image (WP/Samir)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pseudomembranous_colitis.JPG Pseudomembranous colitis (WC)].
<gallery>
 
Image:Pseudomembranous_colitis.JPG | Pseudomembranous colitis (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD837-8>{{Ref PBoD|837-8}}</ref>
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD837-8>{{Ref PBoD|837-8}}</ref>
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*Rarely have (benign) [[signet ring cell]]-like cells.<ref name=pmid12684766>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Abdulkader | first1 = I. | last2 = Cameselle-Teijeiro | first2 = J. | last3 = Forteza | first3 = J. | title = Signet-ring cells associated with pseudomembranous colitis. | journal = Virchows Arch | volume = 442 | issue = 4 | pages = 412-4 | month = Apr | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1007/s00428-003-0779-1 | PMID = 12684766 }}</ref>
*Rarely have (benign) [[signet ring cell]]-like cells.<ref name=pmid12684766>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Abdulkader | first1 = I. | last2 = Cameselle-Teijeiro | first2 = J. | last3 = Forteza | first3 = J. | title = Signet-ring cells associated with pseudomembranous colitis. | journal = Virchows Arch | volume = 442 | issue = 4 | pages = 412-4 | month = Apr | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1007/s00428-003-0779-1 | PMID = 12684766 }}</ref>


Images:
====Images====
*[[WC]]:
<gallery>
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colonic_pseudomembranes_low_mag.jpg Micrograph of pseudomembranes - low mag. (wikimedia.org)].
Image:Colonic_pseudomembranes_low_mag.jpg Micrograph of pseudomembranes - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colonic_pseudomembranes_intermed_mag.jpg Micrograph of pseudomembranes - intermed. mag. (wikimedia.org)].
Image:Colonic_pseudomembranes_intermed_mag.jpg Micrograph of pseudomembranes - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
*www:
</gallery>
**[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case153.html Pseudomembranous colitis (upmc.edu)].
www:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case153.html Pseudomembranous colitis (upmc.edu)].


==Volvulus==
==Volvulus==
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*Should not be diagnosed in the cecum - as it (normally) has a thickened subepithelial collagen band.{{fact}}
*Should not be diagnosed in the cecum - as it (normally) has a thickened subepithelial collagen band.{{fact}}


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Collagenous_colitis_-_intermed_mag.jpg Collagenous colitis - intermed mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Collagenous_colitis_-_high_mag.jpg Collagenous colitis - high mag. (WC)].
Image:Collagenous_colitis_-_intermed_mag.jpg | CC - intermed mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Collagenous_colitis_-_high_mag.jpg Collagenous colitis - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>


===Sign out===
===Sign out===
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**[[Pseudomembranous colitis]].
**[[Pseudomembranous colitis]].


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diversion_proctitis_-_low_mag.jpg Diversion proctitis - low mag. (WC/Nephron)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diversion_proctitis_-_high_mag.jpg Diversion proctitis - high mag. (WC/Nephron)].
Image:Diversion_proctitis_-_low_mag.jpg | Diversion proctitis - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
 
Image:Diversion_proctitis_-_high_mag.jpg | Diversion proctitis - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
===Sign out===
===Sign out===
<pre>
<pre>
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*CMV colitis superimposed on [[inflammatory bowel disease]].
*CMV colitis superimposed on [[inflammatory bowel disease]].


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CMV_colitis_-_intermed_mag.jpg CMV colitis - intermed. mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CMV_colitis_-_high_mag_-_cropped.jpg CMV colitis - high mag. (WC)].
Image:CMV_colitis_-_intermed_mag.jpg | CMV colitis - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:CMV_colitis_-_high_mag_-_cropped.jpg | CMV colitis - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>


===IHC===
===IHC===
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*[[Infectious colitis]] without a distinctive morphology.
*[[Infectious colitis]] without a distinctive morphology.


Images:
====Images====
*[[WC]]:
<gallery>
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intestinal_spirochetosis_-_cropped_-_very_high_mag.jpg Intestinal spirochetes - cropped - very high mag. (WC)].
Image:Intestinal_spirochetosis_-_cropped_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Intestinal spirochetes - cropped - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intestinal_spirochetosis_-_very_high_mag.jpg Intestinal spirochetes - very high mag. (WC)].
Image:Intestinal_spirochetosis_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Intestinal spirochetes - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intestinal_spirochetosis_-_intermed_mag.jpg Intestinal spirochetes - intermed. mag. (WC)].
Image:Intestinal_spirochetosis_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Intestinal spirochetes - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
*www:
</gallery>
**[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case391.html Intestinal spirochetosis & CMV colitis - several images (upmc.edu)].
www:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case391.html Intestinal spirochetosis & CMV colitis - several images (upmc.edu)].
===Special stains===
===Special stains===
*Silver stains highlight 'em (e.g. Warthin-Starry stain).
*Silver stains highlight 'em (e.g. Warthin-Starry stain).
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**Ingest [[RBC]]s.
**Ingest [[RBC]]s.


Image:
====Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amebiasis_-_very_high_mag.jpg Amebiasis - very high mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amoebic_dysentery_in_colon_biopsy_%281%29.jpg Amebiasis (WC)].
Image:Amebiasis_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Amebiasis - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Amoebic_dysentery_in_colon_biopsy_%281%29.jpg | Amebiasis (WC)
</gallery>


==Cryptosporidiosis==
==Cryptosporidiosis==
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*'''Important negative''': no nuclear atypia.
*'''Important negative''': no nuclear atypia.


Images:
====Images====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rectal_prolapse_-_low_mag.jpg Rectal prolapse - low mag. (WC)].
<gallery>
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rectal_prolapse_-_intermed_mag.jpg Rectal prolapse - intermed. mag. (WC)].
Image:Rectal_prolapse_-_low_mag.jpg | Rectal prolapse - low mag. (WC/Nephon)
Image:Rectal_prolapse_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Rectal prolapse - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>


=Neoplastic disease=
=Neoplastic disease=
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*Brown pigmentation of the mucosa, esp. cecum and proximal colon.  
*Brown pigmentation of the mucosa, esp. cecum and proximal colon.  


Image:
====Image====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melanosis_coli.jpg Melanosis coli - endoscopic image (WC)].
<gallery>
Image:Melanosis_coli.jpg | Melanosis coli - endoscopic image (WC)
</gallery>
===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
Features:
Features:
*Brown granular pigment - in the lamina propria.
*Brown granular pigment - in the lamina propria.
**Typically more prominent in the cecum and proximal colon.<ref name=pmid18666316/>
**Typically more prominent in the cecum and proximal colon.<ref name=pmid18666316/>
Images:
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melanosis_coli_high_mag.jpg Melanosis coli - high mag. (WC)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Melanosis_coli_low_mag.jpg Melanosis coli - low mag. (WC)].


Notes:
Notes:
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**Foreign material (e.g. tattoo pigment) - not seen in GI tract.
**Foreign material (e.g. tattoo pigment) - not seen in GI tract.


====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Melanosis_coli_high_mag.jpg | Melanosis coli - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Image:Melanosis_coli_low_mag.jpg | Melanosis coli - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
===Stains===
===Stains===
*Can be demonstrated with a [[PAS stain]].<ref name=pmid9283862>{{cite journal |author=Benavides SH, Morgante PE, Monserrat AJ, Zárate J, Porta EA |title=The pigment of melanosis coli: a lectin histochemical study |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=131–8 |year=1997 |month=August |pmid=9283862 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Can be demonstrated with a [[PAS stain]].<ref name=pmid9283862>{{cite journal |author=Benavides SH, Morgante PE, Monserrat AJ, Zárate J, Porta EA |title=The pigment of melanosis coli: a lectin histochemical study |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=131–8 |year=1997 |month=August |pmid=9283862 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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*Can cause focal [[necrosis]].
*Can cause focal [[necrosis]].


Image:
=====Image=====
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cecal_adenocarcinoma.jpg Sodium polystyrene crystals (WC)].
<gallery>
 
Image:Cecal_adenocarcinoma.jpg | Adenocarcinoma and sodium polystyrene crystals (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
==Graft-versus host disease==
==Graft-versus host disease==
{{Main|Graft-versus-host disease}}
{{Main|Graft-versus-host disease}}
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