Difference between revisions of "Clubbing"

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'''Clubbing''' is a [[physical examination]] finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance.
'''Clubbing''' is a [[physical examination]] finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance.


Lung causes of clubbing:  
==Causes==
*Abscess.
The causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic ''clubbing'':
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*'''C'''ardiac.
*[[Lung cancer]].
**Subacute infective endocarditis.
*Decreased O<sub>2</sub>.
**Cyanotic heart disease.
*Empyema.
**[[Atrial myxoma]].
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]].
*'''L'''ung:
*[[Cystic fibrosis]].
**Lung abscess.
**[[Empyema]].
**[[Cystic fibrosis]].
**[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]].
**[[Tuberculosis]].
**Bronchiectasis.
**[[Malignant mesothelioma]].
*[[ulcerative colitis|'''U'''lcerative colitis]].
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis|'''B'''iliary cirrhosis]].
*'''B'''ronchogenic carcinoma (most commonly small cell).
*'''I'''diopathic.
*'''N'''ot [[COPD]].
*'''G'''astrointestinal:
**Malabsorption (e.g. [[celiac disease]]).
**[[Crohn disease]].
**[[Liver cirrhosis]].


Note:
Note:
*Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and smoking it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref>
*Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with [[COPD]], as it should not be seen in the context of pure [[emphysema]].<ref>URL: [http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf http://medicine.ucsf.edu/education/resed/Chiefs_cover_sheets/Clubbing.pdf]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref> Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and [[smoking]] it should prompt a search for an occult [[lung cancer]].<ref>URL: [http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch045/ch045a.html]. Accessed on: 23 September 2010.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*Physical examination.
*[[Physical examination]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:50, 31 January 2022

Clubbing. (WC)

Clubbing is a physical examination finding where the fingernails have a club-like appearance.

Causes

The causes of clubbing can be remember with mnemonic clubbing:

Note:

  • Clubbing should be viewed with suspicion in patient with COPD, as it should not be seen in the context of pure emphysema.[1] Clubbing in COPD is relatively rare; thus, in the context of COPD and smoking it should prompt a search for an occult lung cancer.[2]

See also

References