Difference between revisions of "Cancer staging systems"
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m (→TNM staging system: tweak) |
m (→Tumour stage: +HCC) |
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***[[Seminoma]]. | ***[[Seminoma]]. | ||
***Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. | ***Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. | ||
***[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]].<ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/Hepatocellular_11protocol.pdf http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/Hepatocellular_11protocol.pdf]. Accessed on: 6 April 2012.</ref> | |||
===Nodal stage=== | ===Nodal stage=== | ||
Revision as of 14:28, 6 April 2012
Cancer staging systems are something pathologists ought to be familiar with.
Overview
- TNM staging system - most common.
- Durie-Salmon system - multiple myeloma.
- Ann Arbour system - for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (excluding mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome).
- St. Jude system - pediatric pathology.
- WHO grading system - for CNS tumours.
TNM staging system
- Most common.
- Generally dependent on the specific site.
Modifiers
Table of modifiers:[1]
| Modifier | Meaning | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| m | multiple tumours | pT(m)NM or pT2(2)N0Mx | tumour stage = highest stage of all the individual tumours |
| c | clinical stage | cTNM | if it is not specified clinical is assumed |
| p | pathologic stage | pTNM | derived from a surgical specimen or biopsy |
| a | stage at autopsy | aTNM | malignancy was not staged previously or treated - unless otherwise specified |
| y | staging after therapy | ypTNM | do not try to estimate pretreatment stage |
| r | recurrent tumour stage | rTNM | must have a clinically documented disease freedom |
Tumour stage
- Lymphovascular invasion usually does not affect the tumour stage.
- Exceptions:
- Seminoma.
- Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma.[2]
- Exceptions:
Nodal stage
- Lymph node involvement.
Metastasis stage
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/healthprofessional/page3. Accessed on: 28 March 2012.
- ↑ URL: http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/Hepatocellular_11protocol.pdf. Accessed on: 6 April 2012.