Atrophic endometrium

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Atrophic endometrium, also inactive endometrium, is the normal finding in postmenopausal women.

Atrophic endometrium
Diagnosis in short

Inactive endometrial epithelium. H&E stain.

LM nonproliferative endometrial epithelium, +/-benign stroma with normal gland-to-stroma ratio, no nuclear atypia
LM DDx type 2 endometrial carcinomas, esp. serous endometrial carcinoma, proliferative phase endometrium
Site endometrium

Clinical history postmenopausal
Other normal postmenopausal finding
Clin. DDx atrophy, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, other gynecologic cancers

It is also known as atrophy of the endometrium and endometrial atrophy.

An introduction to the endometrium is found in the endometrium article.

General

  • Endometrium of normal postmenopausal women.
    • Menopause typically happens at around 50 years old.
  • Very common diagnosis.
    • Atrophy may be associated with bleeding and therefore biopsied to rule-out hyperplasia and malignancy.

Gross

  • Thin endometrium.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Glands - small columnar cells:
    • Moderate quantity of eosinophilic cytoplasm.
    • Ovoid (palisaded) nuclei +/- nuclear pseudostratification.[1]
    • Eosinophilic cytoplasm.
    • No mitoses.
  • Architecture:
    • +/-Cystic dilation.

Notes:

  • If a woman is truly postmenopausal, mitoses in the glandular epithelium is pathologic until demonstrated otherwise.

DDx:

Images

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ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- NON-PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM.
- BENIGN SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITH METAPLASTIC CHANGE.
- SCANT ENDOCERVICAL MUCOSA WITH REACTIVE CHANGES.
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- NON-PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM.
- BENIGN STRIPPED ENDOCERVICAL EPITHELIUM.
- NEGATIVE FOR HYPERPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Micro

The sections show small fragments of endometrium. The gland-to-stroma ratio is normal. The glands are small and round, and have a pseudostratified epithelium.

Mitotic figures are not identified within the glands or stroma. No stromal condensation is apparent. No secretions are in the glands. No nuclear atypia is apparent.

Scant benign endocervical tissue (stripped epithelium and mucosa) is present.

Limited stroma

ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- STRIPPED NONPROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM; NO APPRECIABLE STROMA PRESENT.
- SCANT ENDOCERVICAL EPITHELIUM WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- MINUTE FRAGMENTS OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- SCANT STRIPPED NON-PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM.
- VERY SMALL FRAGMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL STROMA.
- TUBAL METAPLASTIC EPITHELIUM.
ENDOMETRIUM, ASPIRATION:
- SMALL FRAGMENTS OF NONPROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM ATTACHED TO
  A VERY SMALL AMOUNT OF STROMA.
- MINUTE BENIGN FRAGMENT OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.
- MUCOUS AND INFLAMMATORY CELLS.

COMMENT:
The sample is scant given the history of 'thickened endometrium'.

Polypoid

ENDOMETRIUM, CURETTAGE:
- SMALL POLYPOID FRAGMENT OF ENDOMETRIUM WITH NONPROLIFERATIVE DILATED 
  PSEUDOSTRATIFIED GLANDS WITH A MILDLY FIBROTIC STROMA AND SMALL BLOOD 
  VESSELS, SEE COMMENT.
- NO EVIDENCE OF HYPERPLASIA.
- NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY.

COMMENT:
This is favored to represent endometrium with cystic atrophy.  The differential 
diagnosis is a benign endometrial polyp.

Micro

The sections show stripped endometrial epithelium and stripped tubal-type epithelium. No mitotic activity is identified. No nuclear atypia is apparent. A small fragment of definite endometrial stroma is present. The gland-to-stroma ratio cannot be assessed due to the limited stroma.

See also

References