Difference between revisions of "Astrocytoma"

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Astrocytoma (view source)

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An '''astrocytoma''' is a neoplasm derived from an [[neurohistology|astrocyte]].  Astrocytomas are common.  This article deals with, among other things, rare astrocytomas. An overview of CNS tumours is found in the ''[[CNS tumours]]'' article.
An '''astrocytoma''' is a neoplasm derived from an [[neurohistology|astrocyte]].  Astrocytomas are common.  This article deals with them. An overview of CNS tumours is found in the ''[[CNS tumours]]'' article.


=Other=
=Common=
==Glioblastoma==
*Previously known as ''glioblastoma multiforme'' (abbreviated ''GBM'').
===General===
*Median survival is measured in months.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Jubelirer | first1 = SJ. | title = A review of the treatment and survival rates of 138 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = W V Med J | volume = 92 | issue = 4 | pages = 186-90 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 8772403 }}</ref>
*Only about 5% can expect to survive more than three years.<ref name=pmid17785346>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Krex | first1 = D. | last2 = Klink | first2 = B. | last3 = Hartmann | first3 = C. | last4 = von Deimling | first4 = A. | last5 = Pietsch | first5 = T. | last6 = Simon | first6 = M. | last7 = Sabel | first7 = M. | last8 = Steinbach | first8 = JP. | last9 = Heese | first9 = O. | title = Long-term survival with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = Brain | volume = 130 | issue = Pt 10 | pages = 2596-606 | month = Oct | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1093/brain/awm204 | PMID = 17785346 }}</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Astrocytic tumour with:
**Nuclear atypia.
**Necrosis.
**Endothelial proliferation (AKA microvascular proliferation).
**+/-"Pseudopalisading necrosis" - tumour cells lined-up like a picket fence around necrotic areas.
 
Images:
*www:
**[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/OPAQ/PathQuiz/PQ-Images/N0A002-1.gif Microvascular proliferation in a GBM (ouhsc.edu)].
*[[WC]]:
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_with_extreme_nuclear_enlargement_-_very_high_mag.jpg Extreme nuclear enlargement in a GBM - very high mag. (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg GBM juxtaposed with near normal white matter - high mag. (WC)].
 
=Uncommon=
==Pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma==
==Pleomorphic xanthroastrocytoma==
*Abbreviated ''PXA''.
*Abbreviated ''PXA''.
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*GFAP +ve -- required for Dx, may be patchy.
*GFAP +ve -- required for Dx, may be patchy.
*S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse.
*S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse.
==Glioblastoma==
*Previously known as ''glioblastoma multiforme'' (abbreviated ''GBM'').
===General===
*Median survival is measured in months.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Jubelirer | first1 = SJ. | title = A review of the treatment and survival rates of 138 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = W V Med J | volume = 92 | issue = 4 | pages = 186-90 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 8772403 }}</ref>
*Only about 5% can expect to survive more than three years.<ref name=pmid17785346>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Krex | first1 = D. | last2 = Klink | first2 = B. | last3 = Hartmann | first3 = C. | last4 = von Deimling | first4 = A. | last5 = Pietsch | first5 = T. | last6 = Simon | first6 = M. | last7 = Sabel | first7 = M. | last8 = Steinbach | first8 = JP. | last9 = Heese | first9 = O. | title = Long-term survival with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = Brain | volume = 130 | issue = Pt 10 | pages = 2596-606 | month = Oct | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1093/brain/awm204 | PMID = 17785346 }}</ref>
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Astrocytic tumour with:
**Nuclear atypia.
**Necrosis.
**Endothelial proliferation (AKA microvascular proliferation).
**+/-"Pseudopalisading necrosis" - tumour cells lined-up like a picket fence around necrotic areas.
Images:
*www:
**[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/OPAQ/PathQuiz/PQ-Images/N0A002-1.gif Microvascular proliferation in a GBM (ouhsc.edu)].
*[[WC]]:
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_with_extreme_nuclear_enlargement_-_very_high_mag.jpg Extreme nuclear enlargement in a GBM - very high mag. (WC)].
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg GBM juxtaposed with near normal white matter - high mag. (WC)].


==Gliosarcoma==
==Gliosarcoma==
Michael
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