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Difference between revisions of "Endometrial carcinoma"
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An introduction to the endometrium is in the article ''[[endometrium]]''. | An introduction to the endometrium is in the article ''[[endometrium]]''. | ||
=Clinical= | |||
===Risk factors=== | ===Risk factors=== | ||
Risk factors for endometrial carcinoma - mnemonic ''COLD NUT'':<ref>TN07 GY40</ref> | Risk factors for endometrial carcinoma - mnemonic ''COLD NUT'':<ref>TN07 GY40</ref> | ||
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*Non-endometrioid ''or'' high stage endometrioid ''or'' high-grade endometrioid: ''radical hysterectomy'' (includes cervix, vaginal cuff, parametrial tissue). | *Non-endometrioid ''or'' high stage endometrioid ''or'' high-grade endometrioid: ''radical hysterectomy'' (includes cervix, vaginal cuff, parametrial tissue). | ||
==Subtypes== | ==Subtypes - overview== | ||
They are commonly grouped based on clinicopathologic features:<ref name=pmid21309259>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lim | first1 = D. | last2 = Oliva | first2 = E. | title = Nonendometrioid endometrial carcinomas. | journal = Semin Diagn Pathol | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 241-60 | month = Nov | year = 2010 | doi = | PMID = 21309259 }}</ref> | They are commonly grouped based on clinicopathologic features:<ref name=pmid21309259>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lim | first1 = D. | last2 = Oliva | first2 = E. | title = Nonendometrioid endometrial carcinomas. | journal = Semin Diagn Pathol | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 241-60 | month = Nov | year = 2010 | doi = | PMID = 21309259 }}</ref> | ||
#Type I: | #Type I: | ||
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#Serous - patients classically older than endometrioid subtype, arise in atrophic endometrium. | #Serous - patients classically older than endometrioid subtype, arise in atrophic endometrium. | ||
#Clear cell. | #Clear cell. | ||
==Grading (FIGO)== | ==Grading (FIGO)== | ||
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Ref: <ref>{{Ref PBoD|1088}}</ref>, <ref>[http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2832.htm http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2832.htm]</ref>, <ref>[http://www.cancerfacts.com/GeneralContent/Uterine/Gen_Diagnosis.asp?CB=11 Staging with groovy graphics (cancerfacts.com)]</ref> | Ref: <ref>{{Ref PBoD|1088}}</ref>, <ref>[http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2832.htm http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2832.htm]</ref>, <ref>[http://www.cancerfacts.com/GeneralContent/Uterine/Gen_Diagnosis.asp?CB=11 Staging with groovy graphics (cancerfacts.com)]</ref> | ||
==See also | =Specific types= | ||
==Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma== | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features - endometrioid: | |||
*Tubular glands. | |||
*Squamous metaplasia. | |||
**Look for ''squamous morules'': | |||
**Ball of cells with intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm, dyskeratotic cell(s) - ([http://www.diagnosticpathology.org/content/2/1/40/figure/F1?highres=y image of squamous morule with dyskeratotic cell (diagnosticpathology.org)]). | |||
Notes: | |||
*Dyskeratosis = abnormal keratinization;<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dyskeratosis http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dyskeratosis]. Accessed on: 5 September 2011.</ref> classically have intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm +/- nuclear fragmentation ([http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/karyolysis?db=medical&q=karyolysis karyorrhexis]) - see: [http://www.drmihm.com/pictures/Figure%203.jpg several dyskeratotic cells]. | |||
==Serous endometrial carcinoma== | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features - serous: | |||
*Serous: | |||
**Columnar cells. | |||
**Cilia. | |||
**[[Psammoma bodies]]. | |||
**Papillae. | |||
==Clear cell endometrial carcinoma== | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features - clear cell: | |||
**Classically clear cells... but not always. | |||
**Hobnailing (apical cytoplasm > cytoplasm on basement membrane). | |||
=See also= | |||
*[[Endometrium]]. | *[[Endometrium]]. | ||
*[[Uterine tumours]] - other uterine tumours, e.g. carcinosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma. | *[[Uterine tumours]] - other uterine tumours, e.g. carcinosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma. | ||
*[[Gynecologic pathology]] - overview. | *[[Gynecologic pathology]] - overview. | ||
=References= | |||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||