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Difference between revisions of "Medical lung diseases"
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→Emphysema
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*Usually due to smoking. | *Usually due to smoking. | ||
*May be associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. | *May be associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. | ||
*Often lumped together with ''bronchitis'' and called ''chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | *Often lumped together with ''[[chronic bronchitis]]'' and called ''chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)''.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_386>{{Ref PCPBoD8|368}}</ref> | ||
====Pathologic classification==== | |||
Based on morphology:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_368>{{Ref PCPBoD8|368}}</ref> | |||
*Centriacinar (centrilobular) - associated with heavy smoking. | |||
*Panacinar (panlobular) - associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. | |||
*Distal (paraseptal) acinar - associated with spontaneous pneumothorax. | |||
*Irregular - usu. insignificant. | |||
Q. Why? <br> | |||
A. The bad stuff from smoking gets enters the acinus at the centre; ergo, this is the location of the most damage. | |||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
*Holes, usually upper lung field predominant. | *Holes (blebs, bullae), usually upper lung field predominant. | ||
*Lungs may overlap the heart.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_369>{{Ref PCPBoD8|369}}</ref> | |||
Notes: | |||
*Bleb = (small) vesicle.<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref> | |||
*Bulla = large vesicle.<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features: | Features:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_369>{{Ref PCPBoD8|369}}</ref> | ||
*Large alveoli. | *Large alveoli. | ||
* | *Thin septa (no interstitial thickening). | ||
Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emphysema_low_mag.jpg Emphysema (WC)]. | Image: | ||
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emphysema_low_mag.jpg Emphysema (WC)]. | |||
==Pulmonary edema== | ==Pulmonary edema== | ||