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Interestingly, these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier and quickly.<ref name=pmid18254654>{{cite journal |author=van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, ''et al.'' |title=Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e29 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18254654 |pmc=2225430 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041|title=The Social Benefits of Smoking |last1=Staddon |first1=John |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref> | Interestingly, these people may be cheaper to care for, i.e. they have lower health care costs, as they die earlier and quickly.<ref name=pmid18254654>{{cite journal |author=van Baal PH, Polder JJ, de Wit GA, ''et al.'' |title=Lifetime medical costs of obesity: prevention no cure for increasing health expenditure |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=e29 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18254654 |pmc=2225430 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carolinajournal.com/articles/display_story.html?id=5041|title=The Social Benefits of Smoking |last1=Staddon |first1=John |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=January 17, 2011}}</ref> | ||
==Quantification== | |||
Often quantified by ''[[pack years]]''. | |||
==Non-malignant disease== | ==Non-malignant disease== |
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