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→‎Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: splitout
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==Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma==
==Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma==
*Abbreviated ''ChRCC''.
{{Main|Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma}}
===General===
*Least common of the common types of RCC.
*''Fuhrman grading'' for this entity is controversial, as it does not appear to have any predictive value.<ref name=pmid17527087>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Delahunt | first1 = B. | last2 = Sika-Paotonu | first2 = D. | last3 = Bethwaite | first3 = PB. | last4 = McCredie | first4 = MR. | last5 = Martignoni | first5 = G. | last6 = Eble | first6 = JN. | last7 = Jordan | first7 = TW. | title = Fuhrman grading is not appropriate for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 957-60 | month = Jun | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/01.pas.0000249446.28713.53 | PMID = 17527087 }}</ref>
 
There are two subtypes:<ref name=Ref_GUP293>{{Ref GUP|293}}</ref>
*Classic.
*Eosinophilic variant.
 
===Gross===
*Tan, light-brown.
*Solitary.
*Well-circumscribed.
 
Image:
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/35441329@N05/4273199789/in/photostream/ Chromophobe RCC (flickr.com)].
 
===Microscopic===
====Classic====
Features - classic type (3 P's [[mnemonic]]):<ref>{{Ref PBoD|1016-7}}</ref><ref name=Ref_GUP293>{{Ref GUP|293}}</ref>
*Pale cytoplasm, with wisps of eosinophilic material; the cells are not completely clear, they have "cobwebs".
*Perinuclear clearing, i.e. a pale halo surrounds the nucleus - '''key feature'''.
*Periphery of cell distinct, i.e. cell membrane is easy to discern.
 
Notes:
*May have [[psammoma bodies]].
*May be described as "plant-like"; plant cells have (thick) cell walls.
*The perinuclear clearing is often somewhat patchy, i.e. it is usually not present in very tumour cell.
 
DDx:
*Clear cell RCC (classic).
**Perinuclear clearing is ''not'' seen in clear cell RCC.
**ChRCC has wisps in the cytoplasm.
 
====Eosinophilic variant====
Features - eosinophilic variant:<ref name=Ref_GUP293>{{Ref GUP|293}}</ref>
*'''Eosinophilic''' (finely granular) cytoplasm.
*Perinuclear clearing - '''key feature'''.
*Periphery of cell distinct.
*'''Smaller cells''' than classic subtype.
 
Notes:
#May have [[psammoma bodies]].
 
DDx:
#[[Renal oncocytoma|Oncocytoma]] - particularly the eosinophilic variant.
#*IHC may be useful to differentiate (CK7: oncocytoma = cytoplasm +ve, chromophobe = cell membrane +ve).
#*A comparison based on histomorphology: ''[[Kidney_tumours#Tabular_comparison_of_oncocytoma_and_chromophobe_RCC|Tabular comparison between ChRCC & oncocytoma]]''.
#**Oncocytoma typically has: no perinuclear clearing, no raisinoid nuclei, no binucleation.
#Clear cell RCC, eosinophilic variant.
#*Perinuclear clearing is ''not'' seen in clear cell RCC.
#*ChRCC has wisps in the cytoplasm.
 
====Image====
<gallery>
Image:Oncocytic_chromophobe_rcc_high_mag.jpg | Oncocytic chromophobe RCC. (WC/Nephron)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case333.html Chromophobe RCC - several images (upmc.edu)].
 
===Stains===
*[[Hale's colloidal iron]] +ve (blue granular cytoplasmic).
 
Images:
*[http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v18/n2/fig_tab/3800286f1.html ChRCC Hale's colloidal iron - several images (nature.com)].
*[http://www.ultrapath.org/oldsite/cases99/sep99/images/figure-3.jpg ChRCC Hale's colloidal iron (ultrapath.org)].<ref>URL: [http://www.ultrapath.org/oldsite/cases99/sep99/cotm9-2.html http://www.ultrapath.org/oldsite/cases99/sep99/cotm9-2.html]. Accessed on: 9 October 2011.</ref>
*[http://www.diagnosticpathology.org/content/4/1/21/figure/f1?highres=n ChRCC Hale's colloidal iron (diagnosticpathology.org)].
 
===IHC===
*CK7 +ve cell membrane.<ref name=Ref_GUP293>{{Ref GUP|293}}</ref>
*CD117 +ve.
*Vimentin -ve.
 
===Molecular===
*Extensive aneusomy (monosomy?):<ref name=Ref_WMSP292>{{Ref WMSP|292}}</ref>
**Loss of chromosomes: 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, 21.
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
KIDNEY, RIGHT UPPER POLE, PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY:
- CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA.
 
COMMENT:
The sections show a mix of clear cells with wispy cytoplasm, and cells with eosinophilic
cytoplasm and perinuclear halos. There are no true papillae.
 
Stains and immunostains:
Positive: CK7, CAM5.2, EMA, pankeratin, CD117, colloidal iron.
Negative: AMACR, CD10, CD68, RCC, vimentin.
</pre>


==Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma==
==Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma==
Michael
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