Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
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Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an uncommon smoking-related lung disease.
| Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the lung. H&E stain. | |
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| |
| Synonyms | eosinophilic granuloma (of the lung) |
|
| |
| LM | cellular peribronchiolar nodules with Langerhans cells (pale staining nucleus (H&E) with nuclear infolding - "crumpled tissue paper" appearance), +/-smoker's macrophages (brown pigmented airspace macrophages), +/-eosinophilia (typical - may be rare) |
| IHC | Langerhans cells (CD1a +ve, S-100 +ve, CD207 +ve) |
| Site | lung - see medical lung diseases |
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| |
| Clinical history | smoker, usually male 20-40 years old |
| Signs | +/-non-productive cough |
| Symptoms | +/-dyspnea |
| Prevalence | uncommon |
| Radiology | peribronchial nodules, upper lung zones or mid, multiple irregular cysts |
| Prognosis | good with smoking cessation |
| Clin. DDx | non-pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
It is also known as eosinophilic granuloma of the lung.
The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis refers to several different diseases; a separate article deals with the other types of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
General
- Associated with smoking.[1]
- Not associated with systemic diseases of Langerhans cells (AKA Hand-Schueller-Christian disease).
Clinical - features:[2]
- Non-productive cough.
- Dyspnea.
- Typically males - 20-40 years old.
- Smokers.
Subtypes
Subtypes:[1]
- Cellular form.
- Fibrotic form.
Note:
- One form usually predominates.
Radiology
- Upper lung zones.
Microscopic
Features:[3]
- Cellular peribronchiolar nodules with:
- Langerhans cells - key feature:
- Pale staining nucleus (H&E) with nuclear infolding - "crumpled tissue paper" appearance.
- +/-Smoker's macrophages (brown pigmented airspace macrophages).
- +/-Eosinophilia (may be rare) - significantly narrow DDx.
- Chronic inflammatory cells (lymphocytes). (???)
- Langerhans cells - key feature:
DDx:
- Non-pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis - LCH is also found outside of the lung.
Images
PLCH - low mag. (WC)
PLCH - intermed. mag. (WC)
PLCH - intermed. mag. (WC)
PLCH - high mag. (WC)
PLCH - very high mag. (WC)
www:
IHC
Langerhans cells:
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Leslie, Kevin O.; Wick, Mark R. (2004). Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 234. ISBN 978-0443066313.
- ↑ Martin, I.; Ballester, M.; Ruiz, Y.; Llatjós, R.; Alarza, F.; Molina, M. (Dec 2013). "Presentation of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis before the development of lung cysts.". Respirol Case Rep 1 (2): 34-5. doi:10.1002/rcr2.11. PMID 25473537.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Leslie, Kevin O.; Wick, Mark R. (2004). Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 237. ISBN 978-0443066313.