Placental mesenchymal dysplasia
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Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, abbreviated PMD, is a very rare pathology of the placenta.
| Placental mesenchymal dysplasia | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
|
| |
| LM | stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels, paucivascular or avascular terminal villi |
| LM DDx | placental villous immaturity, fetal thrombotic vasculopathy |
| Site | placenta |
|
| |
| Associated Dx | fetal demise, IUGR |
| Syndromes | Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome |
|
| |
| Prevalence | very rare |
| Clin. DDx | partial hydatidiform mole |
General
- Very rare ~ 70 reported cases.[1]
- Etiology unknown.
Associations:[1]
- IUGR ~ 50% of cases.
- Fetal demise ~ 40-45% of cases.
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
Gross
Features:[2]
- Placentomegaly.
- Grape-like vesicles.
DDx - gross:
Image:
Microscopic
Features:[3]
- Stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels.
- Paucivascular (few blood vessels) or avascular (terminal) villi.
Note:
- Stem villi = large villi with a fibrotic core and (fetal) arteries and veins.[4]
DDx:
Image
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pham, T.; Steele, J.; Stayboldt, C.; Chan, L.; Benirschke, K. (Jul 2006). "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: A report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature.". Am J Clin Pathol 126 (1): 67-78. doi:10.1309/RV45-HRD5-3YQ2-YFTP. PMID 16753607.
- ↑ Rohilla, M.; Siwatch, S.; Jain, V.; Nijhawan, R. (2012). "Placentomegaly and placental mesenchymal dysplasia.". BMJ Case Rep 2012. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-007777. PMID 23266781.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Umazume, T.; Kataoka, S.; Kamamuta, K.; Tanuma, F.; Sumie, A.; Shirogane, T.; Kudou, T.; Ikeda, H. (2011). "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, a case of intrauterine sudden death of fetus with rupture of cirsoid periumbilical chorionic vessels.". Diagn Pathol 6: 38. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-6-38. PMID 21513565.
- ↑ Demir, R.; Kosanke, G.; Kohnen, G.; Kertschanska, S.; Kaufmann, P.. "Classification of human placental stem villi: review of structural and functional aspects.". Microsc Res Tech 38 (1-2): 29-41. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/229::AID-JEMT53.0.CO;2-P. PMID 9260835.