Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, abbreviated CRCC or CCRCC, is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Diagnosis in short

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma. H&E stain.
LM solid or trabecular pattern, polygonal cells usually with clear cytoplasm, central nucleus, delicate branching vasculature (chicken wire-like), +/-hyaline bodies
Subtypes classic, eosinophilic variant
LM DDx chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma, Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma
Stains Hale's colloidal iron stain -ve
IHC CK7 -ve, CK20 -ve, TFE3 -ve
Site kidney - see kidney tumours
Syndromes von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Signs +/-hematuria, +/-abdominal mass
Prevalence common
Radiology renal mass
Prognosis good-to-poor - dependent on stage and grade
Clin. DDx other renal tumours

General

  • Most common subtype of RCC.
  • May be associated with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
  • Familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma[1] - usually VHL gene mutation.[2]
    • VHL gene not mutated in all cases.[3]

Gross

  • Gold/yellow.
  • +/-Haemorrhage (common).
  • +/-Necrosis (common in large tumours).
  • +/-Calcification.
  • +/-Cysts.

Image

  • CCRCC. (WC/euthman)

Microscopic

Features:[4]

  • Solid or trabecular pattern.
  • Polygonal cells.
  • Clear cytoplasm.
  • Central nucleus.
  • Delicate branching vasculature.
    • Often called "chicken wire-like" vasculature.
  • +/-Rhabdoid cells:
    • Eccentric nucleus.
    • Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasma.

Notes:

  • Cytoplasm may be eosinophilic.[5]
    • This change is typically focal - other areas have a classic appearance.
    • Chicken wire-like vasculature present - helps distinguish from other tumours.
  • Hyaline bodies common.[6]
    • Not common in papillary RCC.
  • Clear cytoplasm - due to lipid content.

DDx:

Images

  • CRCC - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • CRCC - high mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • CCRCC - intermed. mag. (WC)

  • CCRCC - high mag. (WC)

  • CCRCC - very high mag. (WC)

Stains

Note: Hale's colloidal iron does not stain iron... it stains hemosiderin.[8]

Clear cell vs. chromophobe:

  • Chromophobe: "translucent" (NOT quite clear), reticulated, Hale's colloidal iron stain+, CK7+ (cell membrane).

IHC

CCRCC versus chromophobe RCC:[9]

  • Vimentin +ve.
    • -ve in ChRCC.
  • CD117 -ve.
    • +ve ~80% of ChRCC.

Others:

  • CK7 -ve.
  • CK20 -ve.

Sign out

Note:

  • The surgeon wants the diagnosis and margin status; thus, these are included in the diagnosis line with the tumour stage.
KIDNEY, LEFT, NEPHRECTOMY:
- CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, FUHRMAN GRADE 2, pT1a, pNx.
-- MARGINS NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
-- PLEASE SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY.

Adrenal gland present

KIDNEY, RIGHT, RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY:
- CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, FUHRMAN GRADE 2, pT1a, pNx.
-- MARGINS NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
-- PLEASE SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY.
- ADRENAL GLAND WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.

KIDNEY, RIGHT, RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY:
- CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, FUHRMAN GRADE 3, pT1b, pNx.
-- MARGINS NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
-- PLEASE SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY.
- ADRENAL GLAND WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.

Micro

The sections show a tumour with a chicken wire-like vasculature composed of clear cells with basally stratified nuclei. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages are present. Necrosis is present. Abundant hyaline globules are present.

There is no perinuclear clearing. The cytoplasm is not whispy. Collections of macrophages are not identified within the stroma of the tumour. Papillae are not evident.

Rare, small nucleoli are visible with the 10x objective. The tumour nuclei are approximately 15 micrometers.

Alternate

The sections show cohesive mildly atypical clear cells with a columnar morphology. Small cystic spaces are present. The nuclei are basal stratified. Nucleoli are not prominent. Siderophages are present. Blood is present.

No perinuclear halos are apparent. No papillary structures are identified. No definite renal parenchyma is seen.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Keefe, SM.; Nathanson, KL.; Rathmell, WK. (Aug 2013). "The molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma.". Semin Oncol 40 (4): 421-8. doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.05.006. PMID 23972705.
  2. ↑ Foster, RE.; Abdulrahman, M.; Morris, MR.; Prigmore, E.; Gribble, S.; Ng, B.; Gentle, D.; Ready, S. et al. (Apr 2007). "Characterization of a 3;6 translocation associated with renal cell carcinoma.". Genes Chromosomes Cancer 46 (4): 311-7. doi:10.1002/gcc.20403. PMID 17205537.
  3. ↑ Woodward, ER.; Clifford, SC.; Astuti, D.; Affara, NA.; Maher, ER. (May 2000). "Familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (FCRC): clinical features and mutation analysis of the VHL, MET, and CUL2 candidate genes.". J Med Genet 37 (5): 348-53. PMID 10807693.
  4. ↑ Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 1017-8. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
  5. ↑ Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 291. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  6. ↑ AFIP Renal Tumours Book.
  7. ↑ Zhou, Ming; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina (2006). Genitourinary Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 285. ISBN 978-0443066771.
  8. ↑ Latta. 27 January 2009.
  9. ↑ Liu, L.; Qian, J.; Singh, H.; Meiers, I.; Zhou, X.; Bostwick, DG. (Aug 2007). "Immunohistochemical analysis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma: an optimal and practical panel for differential diagnosis.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 131 (8): 1290-7. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1290:IAOCRC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17683191.
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