Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, are solids that form in the kidney. They can be found anywhere in the genitourinary tract. Bladder stones redirects here.

Classic types

Calcium oxalate - most common.^[1]
Uric acid.
Struvite.
Cystine.

Notes:

Memory devices:
- Diamonds are see-through; ergo, uric acid stones not seen on KUB.
- Calcium oxalate = envelope, uric acid = diamond.
Uric acid crystals: usually dissolve in formalin... but do not dissolve in alcohol.^[2]
Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the context of ethylene glycol poisoning.^[3]

Images:

calcium oxalate crystals (escardio.org).^[4]

References

↑ López, M.; Hoppe, B. (Jan 2010). "History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis.". Pediatr Nephrol 25 (1): 49-59. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5. PMID 21476230.
↑ Geddie, W. 8 January 2010.
↑ Saukko, Pekka; Knight, Bernard (2004). Knight's Forensic Pathology (3rd ed.). A Hodder Arnold Publication. pp. 589. ISBN 978-0340760444.
↑ URL: http://www.escardio.org/communities/Working-Groups/cmp/education/case/Pages/bright-myocardium.aspx. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.

[1] López, M.; Hoppe, B. (Jan 2010). "History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis.". Pediatr Nephrol 25 (1): 49-59. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5. PMID 21476230.

[2] Geddie, W. 8 January 2010.

[Ref_KFP589-3] Saukko, Pekka; Knight, Bernard (2004). Knight's Forensic Pathology (3rd ed.). A Hodder Arnold Publication. pp. 589. ISBN 978-0340760444.

[4] URL: http://www.escardio.org/communities/Working-Groups/cmp/education/case/Pages/bright-myocardium.aspx. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

Nephrolithiasis

Classic types

See also

References

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