Difference between revisions of "Ditzels"

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==Heterotopic ossification==
==Heterotopic ossification==
*Abbreviated ''HO''.
*Abbreviated ''HO''.
===General===
{{Main|Heterotopic ossification}}
*Definition of ''heterotopic ossification'': bone formation in soft tissue.<ref name=pmid21611960>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Leblanc | first1 = E. | last2 = Trensz | first2 = F. | last3 = Haroun | first3 = S. | last4 = Drouin | first4 = G. | last5 = Bergeron | first5 = E. | last6 = Penton | first6 = CM. | last7 = Montanaro | first7 = F. | last8 = Roux | first8 = S. | last9 = Faucheux | first9 = N. | title = BMP-9-induced muscle heterotopic ossification requires changes to the skeletal muscle microenvironment. | journal = J Bone Miner Res | volume = 26 | issue = 6 | pages = 1166-77 | month = Jun | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1002/jbmr.311 | PMID = 21611960 }}
</ref>
*Injury at site.
*May be seen in the context of tetraplegia.
 
Clinical:<ref name=pmid21611960/>
*+/-Joint stiffness.
*+/-Swelling.
*+/-Pain.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*[[Lamellar bone]] - has layering/lines (best seen with polarized light).
*+/-Skeletal muscle (within the marrow space).
 
DDx:
*[[Myositis ossificans]] - inflammation, cellular.
*[[Osteosarcoma]], extraskeletal.
*[[Osteochrondroma]] - at joint, has cartilage.{{fact}}
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
Lesion, Distal Phalanx of Right Little Finger, Excision:
- Dermal ossification without cartilage in benign skin with a thick keratin layer.
- NEGATIVE for evidence of malignancy.
</pre>
 
====Block letters====
<pre>
LESION ("HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION"), RIGHT FEMUR, EXCISION:
- BONE -- CONSISTENT WITH MUSCLE HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
====Micro====
The sections show laminar bone with a marrow space containing adipose tissue and benign skeletal muscle. The osteocytes show no nuclear atypia. No mitotic activity is appreciated.


==Lumbar bone==
==Lumbar bone==
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