Difference between revisions of "Eyelid"

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[[Image: Closed human eye, superior view.jpg|thumb|right|A photograph showing the superior eyelid. (WC/Rapidreflex)]]
[[Image:Syringoma -- low mag.jpg|thumb|right|A [[micrograph]] showing a [[syringoma]]. These are typically lower eyelid tumours. [[H&E stain]].]]
The '''eyelid''' is occasionally sent to [[pathology]].  Information about the eye is found in the ''[[eye]]'' article.
The '''eyelid''' is occasionally sent to [[pathology]].  Information about the eye is found in the ''[[eye]]'' article.


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*Eyelid lesions are usually benign.   
*Eyelid lesions are usually benign.   
**In a series of 1,541 cases only 22 were malignant.<ref name=pmid26028084>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gundogan | first1 = FC. | last2 = Yolcu | first2 = U. | last3 = Tas | first3 = A. | last4 = Sahin | first4 = OF. | last5 = Uzun | first5 = S. | last6 = Cermik | first6 = H. | last7 = Ozaydin | first7 = S. | last8 = Ilhan | first8 = A. | last9 = Altun | first9 = S. | title = Eyelid tumors: clinical data from an eye center in Ankara, Turkey. | journal = Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | volume = 16 | issue = 10 | pages = 4265-9 | month =  | year = 2015 | doi =  | PMID = 26028084 }}</ref>
**In a series of 1,541 cases only 22 were malignant.<ref name=pmid26028084>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gundogan | first1 = FC. | last2 = Yolcu | first2 = U. | last3 = Tas | first3 = A. | last4 = Sahin | first4 = OF. | last5 = Uzun | first5 = S. | last6 = Cermik | first6 = H. | last7 = Ozaydin | first7 = S. | last8 = Ilhan | first8 = A. | last9 = Altun | first9 = S. | title = Eyelid tumors: clinical data from an eye center in Ankara, Turkey. | journal = Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | volume = 16 | issue = 10 | pages = 4265-9 | month =  | year = 2015 | doi =  | PMID = 26028084 }}</ref>
**21 were [[basal cell carcinoma]]  
***21 were [[basal cell carcinoma]]  
**One was [[squamous carcinoma]].
***One was [[squamous carcinoma]].
 
===Common lesions===
The most common lesion - as per a large series of 1,541 cases:<ref name=pmid26028084/>
*[[Squamous papilloma]].
*[[Nevus]].
*[[Seborrheic keratosis]].
*Hydrocystomas.
*[[Xanthelasma]].
*[[Epidermal cyst]].
 
==Malignant tumours of the eyelid==
Malignant eyelid tumour in order of frequency:<ref name=pmid9488271>{{cite journal |authors=Margo CE, Mulla ZD |title=Malignant tumors of the eyelid: a population-based study of non-basal cell and non-squamous cell malignant neoplasms |journal=Arch Ophthalmol |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=195–8 |date=February 1998 |pmid=9488271 |doi=10.1001/archopht.116.2.195 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Basal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Malignant melanoma]].
*[[Sebaceous carcinoma]].
*[[Lymphoma]]s.
*[[Merkel cell carcinoma]].
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma.
*Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified.
*Adnexal carcinoma not otherwise specified.
*Sweat gland carcinoma.


=Specific entities=
=Specific entities=
==Xanthelasma==
==Xanthelasma==
*[[AKA]] ''xanthelasma palpebrarum''.
*''Xanthelasma palpebrarum'' redirects here.


===General===
===General===
*~8% of eyelid tumours in one series.<ref name=pmid26028084/>
*~8% of eyelid tumours in one series.<ref name=pmid26028084/>
*Type of [[xanthoma]].<ref name=pmid25949023>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pathania | first1 = V. | last2 = Chatterjee | first2 = M. | title = Ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser ablation of xanthelasma palpebrarum: a case series. | journal = J Cutan Aesthet Surg | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 46-9 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.4103/0974-2077.155084 | PMID = 25949023 }}</ref>
*Type of [[xanthoma]].<ref name=pmid25949023>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pathania | first1 = V. | last2 = Chatterjee | first2 = M. | title = Ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser ablation of xanthelasma palpebrarum: a case series. | journal = J Cutan Aesthet Surg | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 46-9 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.4103/0974-2077.155084 | PMID = 25949023 }}</ref>
**It is said that a ''xanthoma'' can be anywhere. If it is on the eyelid it is a ''xanthelasma''; a ''xanthelasma'' is a xanthoma of the eyelid.<ref>URL: [https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/xanthelasma https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/xanthelasma]. Accessed on: May 1, 2023.</ref>
*Associated with increased serum lipid levels.<ref name=pmid23503059>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rubinstein | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Mehta | first2 = MP. | last3 = Schoenfield | first3 = L. | last4 = Perry | first4 = JD. | title = Orbital xanthogranuloma in an adult patient with xanthelasma palpebrarum and hypercholesterolemia. | journal = Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = e6-8 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182873d13 | PMID = 23503059 }}</ref>
*Associated with increased serum lipid levels.<ref name=pmid23503059>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rubinstein | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Mehta | first2 = MP. | last3 = Schoenfield | first3 = L. | last4 = Perry | first4 = JD. | title = Orbital xanthogranuloma in an adult patient with xanthelasma palpebrarum and hypercholesterolemia. | journal = Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = e6-8 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182873d13 | PMID = 23503059 }}</ref>
**Incidence of elevated cholesterol is higher in younger patients.<ref name=Ref_Derm628>{{Ref Derm|628}}</ref>


==Gross==
===Gross===
*Exophytic lesion (on eyelid or around it) - classically yellow.
*Exophytic lesion (on eyelid or around it) - classically yellow.


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DDx:
DDx:
*[[Fibroepithelial polyp]].
*[[Fibroepithelial polyp]].
===Sign out===
<pre>
Eyelid, Lesion Right Upper Lid, Excision:
- Benign skin tag with rare foamy histiocytes in keeping with an early xanthelasma.
- NEGATIVE for malignancy.
Comment:
Xanthelasma may be associated with metabolic abnormalities. A lipid profile is suggested if not done recently. 
</pre>
==Chalazion==
{{Main|Chalazion}}
==Syringoma==
{{Main|Syringoma}}


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 03:43, 1 November 2024

A photograph showing the superior eyelid. (WC/Rapidreflex)
A micrograph showing a syringoma. These are typically lower eyelid tumours. H&E stain.

The eyelid is occasionally sent to pathology. Information about the eye is found in the eye article.

General

Common lesions

The most common lesion - as per a large series of 1,541 cases:[1]

Malignant tumours of the eyelid

Malignant eyelid tumour in order of frequency:[2]

Specific entities

Xanthelasma

  • Xanthelasma palpebrarum redirects here.

General

  • ~8% of eyelid tumours in one series.[1]
  • Type of xanthoma.[3]
    • It is said that a xanthoma can be anywhere. If it is on the eyelid it is a xanthelasma; a xanthelasma is a xanthoma of the eyelid.[4]
  • Associated with increased serum lipid levels.[5]
    • Incidence of elevated cholesterol is higher in younger patients.[6]

Gross

  • Exophytic lesion (on eyelid or around it) - classically yellow.

DDx:

Microscopic

Features:

  • Collection of foamy histiocytes within the dermis.

DDx:

Sign out

Eyelid, Lesion Right Upper Lid, Excision:
- Benign skin tag with rare foamy histiocytes in keeping with an early xanthelasma.
- NEGATIVE for malignancy.

Comment:
Xanthelasma may be associated with metabolic abnormalities. A lipid profile is suggested if not done recently.

Chalazion

Main article: Chalazion

Syringoma

Main article: Syringoma

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gundogan, FC.; Yolcu, U.; Tas, A.; Sahin, OF.; Uzun, S.; Cermik, H.; Ozaydin, S.; Ilhan, A. et al. (2015). "Eyelid tumors: clinical data from an eye center in Ankara, Turkey.". Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 16 (10): 4265-9. PMID 26028084.
  2. ↑ Margo CE, Mulla ZD (February 1998). "Malignant tumors of the eyelid: a population-based study of non-basal cell and non-squamous cell malignant neoplasms". Arch Ophthalmol 116 (2): 195–8. doi:10.1001/archopht.116.2.195. PMID 9488271.
  3. ↑ Pathania, V.; Chatterjee, M.. "Ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser ablation of xanthelasma palpebrarum: a case series.". J Cutan Aesthet Surg 8 (1): 46-9. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.155084. PMID 25949023.
  4. ↑ URL: https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/xanthelasma. Accessed on: May 1, 2023.
  5. ↑ Rubinstein, TJ.; Mehta, MP.; Schoenfield, L.; Perry, JD.. "Orbital xanthogranuloma in an adult patient with xanthelasma palpebrarum and hypercholesterolemia.". Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 30 (1): e6-8. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182873d13. PMID 23503059.
  6. ↑ Busam, Klaus J. (2009). Dermatopathology: A Volume in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 628. ISBN 978-0443066542.
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