Male infertility: Difference between revisions

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{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Male infertility -- intermed mag.jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Mixed pattern male infertility (Sertoli cells only mixed with hypospermatogensis). [[H&E stain]].
| Synonyms  =
| Micro      = various patterns - see ''microscopic''
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      = [[germ cell neoplasia in situ]], [[germ cell tumour]], inflammation of the testis
| Stains    =
| IHC        =
| EM        =
| Molecular  =
| IF        =
| Gross      =
| Grossing  =
| Site      = [[testis]], [[vas deferens]] and other sites
| Assdx      =
| Syndromes  =
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  =
| Prevalence = not very common
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  = benign
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    = ([[clinical diagnosis]])
| Tx        = dependent on underlying cause
}}
'''Male infertility''' is a [[clinical diagnosis]].  It is pretty much the only reason for a [[testis|testicular]] biopsy.
'''Male infertility''' is a [[clinical diagnosis]].  It is pretty much the only reason for a [[testis|testicular]] biopsy.
This article focuses on the testicular causes of infertility. ''Testicular biopsy'' redirects to here.


==General==
==General==
*Infertility is a [[clinical diagnosis]].
*Infertility is a [[clinical diagnosis]].


It can be divided into:<ref name=pmid20670143>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cerilli | first1 = LA. | last2 = Kuang | first2 = W. | last3 = Rogers | first3 = D. | title = A practical approach to testicular biopsy interpretation for male infertility. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 134 | issue = 8 | pages = 1197-204 | month = Aug | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1043/2009-0379-RA.1 | PMID = 20670143 }}</ref>
It can be divided into:<ref name=pmid20670143>{{cite journal |authors=Cerilli LA, Kuang W, Rogers D |title=A practical approach to testicular biopsy interpretation for male infertility |journal=Arch Pathol Lab Med |volume=134 |issue=8 |pages=1197–204 |date=August 2010 |pmid=20670143 |doi=10.5858/2009-0379-RA.1 |url=}}</ref>
*Pre-testicular - e.g. hormonal, [[pituitary gland|pituitary]].
*Pre-testicular - e.g. hormonal, [[pituitary gland|pituitary]].
*Testicular.
*Testicular.
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#Sertoli cells only.
#Sertoli cells only.
#Seminiferous tubule hyalinization
#Seminiferous tubule hyalinization
#A combination of the above.
#Some combination of the above patterns.
 
DDx:
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (GCNIS).
*[[Germ cell tumour]].
*[[Testicular adrenal rest tumour]] in the context of congenital adrenal hyperplasia - case report.<ref name=pmid23342900>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Niedziela | first1 = M. | last2 = Joanna | first2 = T. | last3 = Piotr | first3 = J. | title = Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) as a male infertility factor. Case report. | journal = Ginekol Pol | volume = 83 | issue = 9 | pages = 700-2 | month = Sep | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 23342900 }}</ref>
*Inflammation of the testis.


==Sign out==
==Sign out==
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*Hyalinization of the tubules.
*Hyalinization of the tubules.
*Inflammation.
*Inflammation.
*Absence of [[intratubular germ cell neoplasia]].
*Absence of [[germ cell neoplasia in situ]].


===Mixed pattern===
===Mixed pattern===
<pre>
<pre>
LEFT TESTIS, BIOPSY FOR SPERM RETRIEVAL:
LEFT TESTIS, BIOPSY WITH SPERM RETRIEVAL:
- SERTOLI CELLS ONLY REGIONS (25% OF BIOPSY) INTERMEIXED WITH
- SERTOLI CELLS ONLY REGIONS (25% OF BIOPSY) INTERMIXED WITH
   HISTOLOGICALLY NORMAL TESTIS (75% OF BIOPSY) WITH NORMAL NUMBERS
   HISTOLOGICALLY NORMAL TESTIS (75% OF BIOPSY) WITH NORMAL NUMBERS
   OF SPERM.
   OF SPERM.
- NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE HYALINIZATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE HYALINIZATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT INFLAMMATION.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU (INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA).
</pre>
 
===Hypospematogensis===
<pre>
A. Left Testis, Biopsy with Sperm Retrieval:
- Hypospematogensis (70% of biopsy) intermixed with histologically normal
  test (30% of biopsy) with normal numbers of sperm.
- NEGATIVE for significant seminiferous tubule hyalinization.
- NEGATIVE for significant inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for germ cell neoplasia in situ.
</pre>
 
===Normal===
<pre>
A. Right Testis, Biopsy:
- Testis within normal limits with spermatogenesis.
- NEGATIVE for significant inter-tubular changes.
- NEGATIVE for significant seminiferous tubule hyalinization.
- NEGATIVE for significant inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for germ cell neoplasia in situ.
</pre>
</pre>


Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/wiki/Male_infertility"