Difference between revisions of "Male infertility"
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'''Male infertility''' is pretty much the only | {{ Infobox diagnosis | ||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Male infertility -- intermed mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Mixed pattern male infertility (Sertoli cells only mixed with hypospermatogensis). [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| Synonyms = | |||
| Micro = various patterns - see ''microscopic'' | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[germ cell neoplasia in situ]], [[germ cell tumour]], inflammation of the testis | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = [[testis]], [[vas deferens]] and other sites | |||
| Assdx = | |||
| Syndromes = | |||
| Clinicalhx = | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = not very common | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = benign | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = ([[clinical diagnosis]]) | |||
| Tx = dependent on underlying cause | |||
}} | |||
'''Male infertility''' is a [[clinical diagnosis]]. It is pretty much the only reason for a [[testis|testicular]] biopsy. | |||
This article focuses on the testicular causes of infertility. ''Testicular biopsy'' redirects to here. | |||
==General== | ==General== | ||
| Line 16: | Line 49: | ||
#Sertoli cells only. | #Sertoli cells only. | ||
#Seminiferous tubule hyalinization | #Seminiferous tubule hyalinization | ||
# | #Some combination of the above patterns. | ||
DDx: | |||
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (GCNIS). | |||
*[[Germ cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Testicular adrenal rest tumour]] in the context of congenital adrenal hyperplasia - case report.<ref name=pmid23342900>{{Cite journal | last1 = Niedziela | first1 = M. | last2 = Joanna | first2 = T. | last3 = Piotr | first3 = J. | title = Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) as a male infertility factor. Case report. | journal = Ginekol Pol | volume = 83 | issue = 9 | pages = 700-2 | month = Sep | year = 2012 | doi = | PMID = 23342900 }}</ref> | |||
*Inflammation of the testis. | |||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||
| Line 26: | Line 65: | ||
*Hyalinization of the tubules. | *Hyalinization of the tubules. | ||
*Inflammation. | *Inflammation. | ||
*Absence of [[ | *Absence of [[germ cell neoplasia in situ]]. | ||
===Mixed pattern=== | |||
<pre> | |||
LEFT TESTIS, BIOPSY FOR SPERM RETRIEVAL: | |||
- SERTOLI CELLS ONLY REGIONS (25% OF BIOPSY) INTERMEIXED WITH | |||
HISTOLOGICALLY NORMAL TESTIS (75% OF BIOPSY) WITH NORMAL NUMBERS | |||
OF SPERM. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE HYALINIZATION. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT INFLAMMATION. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU (INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA). | |||
</pre> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 23:50, 15 March 2016
| Male infertility | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Mixed pattern male infertility (Sertoli cells only mixed with hypospermatogensis). H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | various patterns - see microscopic |
| LM DDx | germ cell neoplasia in situ, germ cell tumour, inflammation of the testis |
| Site | testis, vas deferens and other sites |
|
| |
| Prevalence | not very common |
| Prognosis | benign |
| Clin. DDx | (clinical diagnosis) |
| Treatment | dependent on underlying cause |
Male infertility is a clinical diagnosis. It is pretty much the only reason for a testicular biopsy.
This article focuses on the testicular causes of infertility. Testicular biopsy redirects to here.
General
- Infertility is a clinical diagnosis.
It can be divided into:[1]
- Pre-testicular - e.g. hormonal, pituitary.
- Testicular.
- Post-testicular - e.g. blockage of vas deferens.
Microscopic
Male infertility on testicular biopsy shows one the following patterns:[1]
- Normal testis.
- Hypospermatogensis.
- Maturation arrest.
- Sertoli cells only.
- Seminiferous tubule hyalinization
- Some combination of the above patterns.
DDx:
- Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS).
- Germ cell tumour.
- Testicular adrenal rest tumour in the context of congenital adrenal hyperplasia - case report.[2]
- Inflammation of the testis.
Sign out
- The diagnosis should be the pattern (#1-6 above).
The following should be commented on:
- The number of tubules.
- The number of tubules with sperm.
- Hyalinization of the tubules.
- Inflammation.
- Absence of germ cell neoplasia in situ.
Mixed pattern
LEFT TESTIS, BIOPSY FOR SPERM RETRIEVAL: - SERTOLI CELLS ONLY REGIONS (25% OF BIOPSY) INTERMEIXED WITH HISTOLOGICALLY NORMAL TESTIS (75% OF BIOPSY) WITH NORMAL NUMBERS OF SPERM. - NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE HYALINIZATION. - NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT INFLAMMATION. - NEGATIVE FOR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU (INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA).
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cerilli, LA.; Kuang, W.; Rogers, D. (Aug 2010). "A practical approach to testicular biopsy interpretation for male infertility.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 134 (8): 1197-204. doi:10.1043/2009-0379-RA.1. PMID 20670143.
- ↑ Niedziela, M.; Joanna, T.; Piotr, J. (Sep 2012). "Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) as a male infertility factor. Case report.". Ginekol Pol 83 (9): 700-2. PMID 23342900.