Difference between revisions of "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia"

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#redirect [[Placenta#Placental_mesenchymal_dysplasia]]
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      =
| Width      =
| Caption    =
| Synonyms  =
| Micro      = stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels, paucivascular or avascular terminal villi
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      = [[placental villous immaturity]], [[fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]]
| Stains    =
| IHC        =
| EM        =
| Molecular  =
| IF        =
| Gross      =
| Grossing  =
| Site      = [[placenta]]
| Assdx      = fetal demise, [[IUGR]]
| Syndromes  = [[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]]
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  =
| Prevalence = very rare
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  =
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    = [[partial hydatidiform mole]]
| Tx        =
}}
'''Placental mesenchymal dysplasia''', abbreviated '''PMD''', is a very rare pathology of the [[placenta]].


==General==
*Very rare ~ 70 reported cases.<ref name=pmid16753607>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pham | first1 = T. | last2 = Steele | first2 = J. | last3 = Stayboldt | first3 = C. | last4 = Chan | first4 = L. | last5 = Benirschke | first5 = K. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: A report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature. | journal = Am J Clin Pathol | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 67-78 | month = Jul | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1309/RV45-HRD5-3YQ2-YFTP | PMID = 16753607 }}</ref>
*Etiology unknown.
Associations:<ref name=pmid16753607/>
*[[IUGR]] ~ 50% of cases.
*Fetal demise ~ 40-45% of cases.
*[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]].
==Gross==
Features:<ref name=pmid23266781>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rohilla | first1 = M. | last2 = Siwatch | first2 = S. | last3 = Jain | first3 = V. | last4 = Nijhawan | first4 = R. | title = Placentomegaly and placental mesenchymal dysplasia. | journal = BMJ Case Rep | volume = 2012 | issue =  | pages =  | month =  | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007777 | PMID = 23266781 }}</ref>
*[[Placentomegaly]].
*Grape-like vesicles.
DDx - gross:
*[[Partial hydatidiform mole]].
Image:
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F3/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/>
==Microscopic==
Features:<ref name=pmid21513565>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Umazume | first1 = T. | last2 = Kataoka | first2 = S. | last3 = Kamamuta | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanuma | first4 = F. | last5 = Sumie | first5 = A. | last6 = Shirogane | first6 = T. | last7 = Kudou | first7 = T. | last8 = Ikeda | first8 = H. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, a case of intrauterine sudden death of fetus with rupture of cirsoid periumbilical chorionic vessels. | journal = Diagn Pathol | volume = 6 | issue =  | pages = 38 | month =  | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1186/1746-1596-6-38 | PMID = 21513565 }}</ref>
*Stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels.
*Paucivascular (few blood vessels) or avascular (terminal) villi.
Note:
*Stem villi = large villi with a fibrotic core and (fetal) arteries and veins.<ref name=pmid9260835>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Demir | first1 = R. | last2 = Kosanke | first2 = G. | last3 = Kohnen | first3 = G. | last4 = Kertschanska | first4 = S. | last5 = Kaufmann | first5 = P. | title = Classification of human placental stem villi: review of structural and functional aspects. | journal = Microsc Res Tech | volume = 38 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 29-41 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/229::AID-JEMT53.0.CO;2-P | PMID = 9260835 }}</ref>
DDx:
*[[Placental villous immaturity]].
*[[Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]].
===Image===
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F5/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/>
==See also==
*[[Placenta]].
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Placenta]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]

Latest revision as of 00:06, 19 May 2014

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia
Diagnosis in short

LM stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels, paucivascular or avascular terminal villi
LM DDx placental villous immaturity, fetal thrombotic vasculopathy
Site placenta

Associated Dx fetal demise, IUGR
Syndromes Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Prevalence very rare
Clin. DDx partial hydatidiform mole

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, abbreviated PMD, is a very rare pathology of the placenta.

General

  • Very rare ~ 70 reported cases.[1]
  • Etiology unknown.

Associations:[1]

Gross

Features:[2]

DDx - gross:

Image:

Microscopic

Features:[3]

  • Stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels.
  • Paucivascular (few blood vessels) or avascular (terminal) villi.

Note:

  • Stem villi = large villi with a fibrotic core and (fetal) arteries and veins.[4]

DDx:

Image

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Pham, T.; Steele, J.; Stayboldt, C.; Chan, L.; Benirschke, K. (Jul 2006). "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: A report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature.". Am J Clin Pathol 126 (1): 67-78. doi:10.1309/RV45-HRD5-3YQ2-YFTP. PMID 16753607.
  2. Rohilla, M.; Siwatch, S.; Jain, V.; Nijhawan, R. (2012). "Placentomegaly and placental mesenchymal dysplasia.". BMJ Case Rep 2012. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-007777. PMID 23266781.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Umazume, T.; Kataoka, S.; Kamamuta, K.; Tanuma, F.; Sumie, A.; Shirogane, T.; Kudou, T.; Ikeda, H. (2011). "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, a case of intrauterine sudden death of fetus with rupture of cirsoid periumbilical chorionic vessels.". Diagn Pathol 6: 38. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-6-38. PMID 21513565.
  4. Demir, R.; Kosanke, G.; Kohnen, G.; Kertschanska, S.; Kaufmann, P.. "Classification of human placental stem villi: review of structural and functional aspects.". Microsc Res Tech 38 (1-2): 29-41. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/229::AID-JEMT53.0.CO;2-P. PMID 9260835.