Difference between revisions of "Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus"

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#redirect [[Esophagus#Squamous_cell_carcinoma_of_the_esophagus]]
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Esophageal_squamous_cell_carcinoma_-_a1_--_high_mag.jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [[H&E stain]].
| Synonyms  =
| Micro      = atypical squamous cells invading into the lamina propria
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      = [[squamous dysplasia of the esophagus]]
| Stains    =
| IHC        = p63 +'ve, CK5/6 +'ve
| EM        =
| Molecular  =
| IF        =
| Gross      =
| Grossing  =
| Site      = [[esophagus]] - usually proximal or mid portion
| Assdx      = [[squamous dysplasia of the esophagus]], [[alcohol]], [[smoking]]
| Syndromes  =
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  = dysphagia of solid and liquids
| Prevalence = uncommon
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  = poor
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    = benign [[esophageal stricture]]
| Tx        = usu. surgery - if feasible, chemotherapy, radiation
}}
'''Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus''' is a relatively uncommon form of esophageal cancer.


It is also known as '''esophageal squamous cell carcinoma''', abbreviated '''esophageal SCC'''.
''Squamous cell carcinoma'', also ''squamous carcinoma'', is discussed in general terms in the ''[[squamous cell carcinoma]]'' article.
==General==
*Like squamous cell carcinoma elsewhere.
Risk factors:<ref name=Ref_APBR104>{{Ref APBR|104 Q1}}</ref>
*[[Ethanol abuse|Alcohol consumption]].
*[[Smoking|Tobacco use]].
*Food with nitrosamines.
*Burning-hot beverages.
**Disputed.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Zamora-Ros | first1 = R. | last2 = Luján-Barroso | first2 = L. | last3 = Bueno-de-Mesquita | first3 = HB. | last4 = Dik | first4 = VK. | last5 = Boeing | first5 = H. | last6 = Steffen | first6 = A. | last7 = Tjønneland | first7 = A. | last8 = Olsen | first8 = A. | last9 = Bech | first9 = BH. | title = Tea and coffee consumption and risk of esophageal cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. | journal = Int J Cancer | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Feb | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.28789 | PMID = 24535727 }}</ref>
Note:
*Reflux is ''not'' a risk factor for esophageal SCC.
**It is a risk factor indirectly for [[esophageal adenocarcinoma]].
Clinical:
*Dysphagia of solid and liquids.
*Weight loss.
*Multimodal treatment - surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.<ref name=pmid24480403>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bass | first1 = GA. | last2 = Furlong | first2 = H. | last3 = O'Sullivan | first3 = KE. | last4 = Hennessy | first4 = TP. | last5 = Walsh | first5 = TN. | title = Chemoradiotherapy, with adjuvant surgery for local control, confers a durable survival advantage in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. | journal = Eur J Cancer | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Jan | year = 2014 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.022 | PMID = 24480403 }}</ref>
==Gross==
*Mass in the esophagus - classically proximal or mid portion.
==Microscopic==
Features - atypical squamous cells with invasion through the basement membrane:
*Cytology:
**Nucleus - typical central.
***+/-Mitoses.
**Cytoplasm - "dense-appearing", typically eosinophilic (may be intensely eosinophilic).
*+/-Squamous whorls.
Note:
*Just to make things confusing, the ''Staging'' of early SCC differs from that of early adenocarcinoma!
DDx:
*Reactive changes.
*[[Squamous dysplasia of the esophagus]].
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus]].
*[[metastasis|Metastatic]] carcinoma.
===Images===
<gallery>
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma -- intermed mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - intermed. mag.
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag.
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma -- very high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - very high mag.
</gallery>
<gallery>
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a1 -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag.
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a2 -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag.
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a3 -- high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - high mag.
Image: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma - a1 -- very high mag.jpg | Esophageal SCC - very high mag.
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544238/figure/fig08/ Carcinoma in situ (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid23330004>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Terada | first1 = T. | title = A clinicopathologic study of esophageal 860 benign and malignant lesions in 910 cases of consecutive esophageal biopsies. | journal = Int J Clin Exp Pathol | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 191-8 | month =  | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23330004 }}</ref>
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3544238/figure/fig09/ Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (nih.gov)].
==Sign out==
<pre>
ESOPHAGUS, BIOPSY:
- INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, KERATINIZING, MODERATELY DIFFERENTIATED.
COMMENT:
Benign squamous epithelium at least partially overlies the invasive squamous
cell carcinoma; this may mask the true extent of the lesion on endoscopy.
</pre>
===Micro===
The sections show a squamous mucosa with focal moderate atypia of the squamous cells,
keratinization and easily identified mitotic figures. The atypical cells are partially
covered by benign squamous cells, and there is a very sharp transition between the cells
with atypia and those without. The atypical squamous cells extend into the subepithelial tissue in irregularly shaped nests and cords. A small amount of benign muscle is present.
==See also==
*[[Esophagus]].
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Esophagus]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]

Latest revision as of 16:54, 28 October 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
Diagnosis in short

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. H&E stain.
LM atypical squamous cells invading into the lamina propria
LM DDx squamous dysplasia of the esophagus
IHC p63 +'ve, CK5/6 +'ve
Site esophagus - usually proximal or mid portion
Associated Dx squamous dysplasia of the esophagus, alcohol, smoking
Symptoms dysphagia of solid and liquids
Prevalence uncommon
Prognosis poor
Clin. DDx benign esophageal stricture
Treatment usu. surgery - if feasible, chemotherapy, radiation

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a relatively uncommon form of esophageal cancer.

It is also known as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, abbreviated esophageal SCC.

Squamous cell carcinoma, also squamous carcinoma, is discussed in general terms in the squamous cell carcinoma article.

General

  • Like squamous cell carcinoma elsewhere.

Risk factors:[1]

Note:

Clinical:

  • Dysphagia of solid and liquids.
  • Weight loss.
  • Multimodal treatment - surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.[3]

Gross

  • Mass in the esophagus - classically proximal or mid portion.

Microscopic

Features - atypical squamous cells with invasion through the basement membrane:

  • Cytology:
    • Nucleus - typical central.
      • +/-Mitoses.
    • Cytoplasm - "dense-appearing", typically eosinophilic (may be intensely eosinophilic).
  • +/-Squamous whorls.

Note:

  • Just to make things confusing, the Staging of early SCC differs from that of early adenocarcinoma!

DDx:

Images

  • Esophageal SCC - intermed. mag.

  • Esophageal SCC - high mag.

  • Esophageal SCC - very high mag.

  • Esophageal SCC - high mag.

  • Esophageal SCC - high mag.

  • Esophageal SCC - high mag.

  • Esophageal SCC - very high mag.

www:

Sign out

ESOPHAGUS, BIOPSY:
- INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, KERATINIZING, MODERATELY DIFFERENTIATED.

COMMENT:
Benign squamous epithelium at least partially overlies the invasive squamous 
cell carcinoma; this may mask the true extent of the lesion on endoscopy.

Micro

The sections show a squamous mucosa with focal moderate atypia of the squamous cells, keratinization and easily identified mitotic figures. The atypical cells are partially covered by benign squamous cells, and there is a very sharp transition between the cells with atypia and those without. The atypical squamous cells extend into the subepithelial tissue in irregularly shaped nests and cords. A small amount of benign muscle is present.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lefkowitch, Jay H. (2006). Anatomic Pathology Board Review (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 104 Q1. ISBN 978-1416025887.
  2. ↑ Zamora-Ros, R.; Luján-Barroso, L.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB.; Dik, VK.; Boeing, H.; Steffen, A.; Tjønneland, A.; Olsen, A. et al. (Feb 2014). "Tea and coffee consumption and risk of esophageal cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.". Int J Cancer. doi:10.1002/ijc.28789. PMID 24535727.
  3. ↑ Bass, GA.; Furlong, H.; O'Sullivan, KE.; Hennessy, TP.; Walsh, TN. (Jan 2014). "Chemoradiotherapy, with adjuvant surgery for local control, confers a durable survival advantage in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus.". Eur J Cancer. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.022. PMID 24480403.
  4. ↑ Terada, T. (2013). "A clinicopathologic study of esophageal 860 benign and malignant lesions in 910 cases of consecutive esophageal biopsies.". Int J Clin Exp Pathol 6 (2): 191-8. PMID 23330004.
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