Difference between revisions of "Renal oncocytoma"
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| Micro = abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm - slightly granular, cells arranged in nests, nuclei uniform and round without significant pleomorphism | | Micro = abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm - slightly granular, cells arranged in nests, nuclei uniform and round without significant pleomorphism | ||
| Subtypes = | | Subtypes = | ||
| LMDDx = [[chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] eosinophilic variant, [[clear cell renal cell carcinoma]] eosinophilic variant, [[papillary renal cell carcinoma]] oncocytic variant, [[tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney]], other [[renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm]] | | LMDDx = [[chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] eosinophilic variant, [[clear cell renal cell carcinoma]] eosinophilic variant, [[papillary renal cell carcinoma]] oncocytic variant, [[tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney]], other [[renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm]], benign [[liver]] | ||
| Stains = [[Hale's colloidal iron]] -ve | | Stains = [[Hale's colloidal iron]] -ve | ||
| IHC = CK7 -ve/cytoplasmic +ve, CD117 +ve, | | IHC = CK7 -ve/cytoplasmic +ve, CD117 +ve, [[PAX8]] +ve | ||
| EM = abundant mitochondria | | EM = abundant mitochondria | ||
| Molecular = | | Molecular = | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
*Cells arranged in nests. | *Cells arranged in nests. | ||
*Nuclei uniform and round.<ref name=Ref_GUP302>{{Ref GUP|302}}</ref> | *Nuclei uniform and round.<ref name=Ref_GUP302>{{Ref GUP|302}}</ref> | ||
**Slightly enlarged nuclei, but '''no significant''' pleomorphism (size variation) - '''important'''. | **Slightly enlarged nuclei, but '''no significant''' pleomorphism (size variation) - '''important'''.‡ | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
***Oncocytoma typically has: no perinuclear clearing, no raisinoid nuclei, rare or no binucleation. | ***Oncocytoma typically has: no perinuclear clearing, no raisinoid nuclei, rare or no binucleation. | ||
*May have - according to Trpkov ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid21166703>{{Cite journal | last1 = Trpkov | first1 = K. | last2 = Yilmaz | first2 = A. | last3 = Uzer | first3 = D. | last4 = Dishongh | first4 = KM. | last5 = Quick | first5 = CM. | last6 = Bismar | first6 = TA. | last7 = Gokden | first7 = N. | title = Renal oncocytoma revisited: a clinicopathological study of 109 cases with emphasis on problematic diagnostic features. | journal = Histopathology | volume = 57 | issue = 6 | pages = 893-906 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03726.x | PMID = 21166703 }}</ref> | *May have - according to Trpkov ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid21166703>{{Cite journal | last1 = Trpkov | first1 = K. | last2 = Yilmaz | first2 = A. | last3 = Uzer | first3 = D. | last4 = Dishongh | first4 = KM. | last5 = Quick | first5 = CM. | last6 = Bismar | first6 = TA. | last7 = Gokden | first7 = N. | title = Renal oncocytoma revisited: a clinicopathological study of 109 cases with emphasis on problematic diagnostic features. | journal = Histopathology | volume = 57 | issue = 6 | pages = 893-906 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03726.x | PMID = 21166703 }}</ref> | ||
**Vascular invasion ~4% of cases. | **[[Vascular invasion]] ~4% of cases. | ||
**Chromophobe-like foci (<5% of neoplasm) ~12% of cases. | **Chromophobe-like foci (<5% of neoplasm) ~12% of cases. | ||
**Focal clear cell changes ~15% of cases. | **Focal clear cell changes ~15% of cases. | ||
**Hemorrhage. | **Hemorrhage. | ||
*‡ Focal "degenerative" atypia can be present; it is reported in ~20% of cases.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Tickoo SK, Amin MB |title=Discriminant nuclear features of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Analysis of their potential utility in the differential diagnosis |journal=Am J Clin Pathol |volume=110 |issue=6 |pages=782–7 |date=December 1998 |pmid=9844591 |doi=10.1093/ajcp/110.6.782 |url=}}</ref> | |||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
| Line 70: | Line 71: | ||
*[[Tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney]]. | *[[Tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney]]. | ||
*Other [[renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm]]. | *Other [[renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm]]. | ||
*Benign [[liver]]. | |||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
| Line 97: | Line 99: | ||
==IHC== | ==IHC== | ||
*[[CK7]] -ve<ref name=pmid17683191>{{Cite journal | last1 = Liu | first1 = L. | last2 = Qian | first2 = J. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Meiers | first4 = I. | last5 = Zhou | first5 = X. | last6 = Bostwick | first6 = DG. | title = Immunohistochemical analysis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma: an optimal and practical panel for differential diagnosis. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 131 | issue = 8 | pages = 1290-7 | month = Aug | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1290:IAOCRC]2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 17683191 }}</ref>/+ve (cytoplasmic) . | *[[CK7]] -ve<ref name=pmid17683191>{{Cite journal | last1 = Liu | first1 = L. | last2 = Qian | first2 = J. | last3 = Singh | first3 = H. | last4 = Meiers | first4 = I. | last5 = Zhou | first5 = X. | last6 = Bostwick | first6 = DG. | title = Immunohistochemical analysis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma: an optimal and practical panel for differential diagnosis. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 131 | issue = 8 | pages = 1290-7 | month = Aug | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1290:IAOCRC]2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 17683191 }}</ref>/+ve (cytoplasmic). | ||
**[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] = cell membrane +ve. | **[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] = cell membrane +ve. | ||
**Based on a mRNA study it was suggested that <50% CK7 immunostaining favours oncocytoma.<ref name=pmid16927643>{{Cite journal | last1 = Adley | first1 = BP. | last2 = Papavero | first2 = V. | last3 = Sugimura | first3 = J. | last4 = Teh | first4 = BT. | last5 = Yang | first5 = XJ. | title = Diagnostic value of cytokeratin 7 and parvalbumin in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma. | journal = Anal Quant Cytol Histol | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 228-36 | month = Aug | year = 2006 | doi = | PMID = 16927643 }}</ref> | |||
*PAX8 +ve.<ref name=pmid22135028>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hu | first1 = Y. | last2 = Hartmann | first2 = A. | last3 = Stoehr | first3 = C. | last4 = Zhang | first4 = S. | last5 = Wang | first5 = M. | last6 = Tacha | first6 = D. | last7 = Montironi | first7 = R. | last8 = Lopez-Beltran | first8 = A. | last9 = Cheng | first9 = L. | title = PAX8 is expressed in the majority of renal epithelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 223 cases using a mouse monoclonal antibody. | journal = J Clin Pathol | volume = 65 | issue = 3 | pages = 254-6 | month = Mar | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200508 | PMID = 22135028 }}</ref> | *PAX8 +ve.<ref name=pmid22135028>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hu | first1 = Y. | last2 = Hartmann | first2 = A. | last3 = Stoehr | first3 = C. | last4 = Zhang | first4 = S. | last5 = Wang | first5 = M. | last6 = Tacha | first6 = D. | last7 = Montironi | first7 = R. | last8 = Lopez-Beltran | first8 = A. | last9 = Cheng | first9 = L. | title = PAX8 is expressed in the majority of renal epithelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 223 cases using a mouse monoclonal antibody. | journal = J Clin Pathol | volume = 65 | issue = 3 | pages = 254-6 | month = Mar | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200508 | PMID = 22135028 }}</ref> | ||
*[[CD117]] +ve.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krüger | first1 = S. | last2 = Sotlar | first2 = K. | last3 = Kausch | first3 = I. | last4 = Horny | first4 = HP. | title = Expression of KIT (CD117) in renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. | journal = Oncology | volume = 68 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 269-75 | month = | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1159/000086783 | PMID = 16015044 }}</ref> | *[[CD117]] +ve.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krüger | first1 = S. | last2 = Sotlar | first2 = K. | last3 = Kausch | first3 = I. | last4 = Horny | first4 = HP. | title = Expression of KIT (CD117) in renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. | journal = Oncology | volume = 68 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 269-75 | month = | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1159/000086783 | PMID = 16015044 }}</ref> | ||
**ChRCC also +ve. | **ChRCC also +ve. | ||
*GATA-3 usually -ve (38 cases negative of 47 cases).<ref name=pmid2431520>{{cite journal |authors=Gonzalez-Roibon N, Faraj SF, Munari E, Bezerra SM, Albadine R, Sharma R, Argani P, Allaf ME, Netto GJ |title=Comprehensive profile of GATA binding protein 3 immunohistochemical expression in primary and metastatic renal neoplasms |journal=Hum Pathol |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=244–8 |date=February 2014 |pmid=24315206 |doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2013.08.020 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**+ve in [[low-grade oncocytic renal tumour]]. | |||
Others: | Others: | ||
| Line 108: | Line 113: | ||
*PAX2 +ve.<ref name=pmid17210525>{{cite journal |author=Memeo L, Jhang J, Assaad AM, ''et al.'' |title=Immunohistochemical analysis for cytokeratin 7, KIT, and PAX2: value in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe cell carcinoma |journal=Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=225–9 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17210525 |doi=10.1309/9KWEA4W9Y94D1AEE |url=http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17210525}}</ref> | *PAX2 +ve.<ref name=pmid17210525>{{cite journal |author=Memeo L, Jhang J, Assaad AM, ''et al.'' |title=Immunohistochemical analysis for cytokeratin 7, KIT, and PAX2: value in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe cell carcinoma |journal=Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=225–9 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17210525 |doi=10.1309/9KWEA4W9Y94D1AEE |url=http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17210525}}</ref> | ||
**Oncocytoma 20 of 23 +ve versus ChRCC 1 of 11 +ve. | **Oncocytoma 20 of 23 +ve versus ChRCC 1 of 11 +ve. | ||
*AMACR -ve | *AMACR -ve<ref name=pmid26925847>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lüders | first1 = C. | last2 = Kristiansen | first2 = G. | title = [Oncocytoma versus chromophobe renal cell carcinoma : Is there something in between?]. | journal = Pathologe | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 153-8 | month = Mar | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1007/s00292-016-0145-0 | PMID = 26925847 }}</ref> or variable.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wobker | first1 = S.E.| last2 = Williamson | first2 = S.R. | title = Modern Pathologic Diagnosis of Renal Oncocytoma | journal = J Kidney Cancer VHL | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 1-12 | month = Oct | year = 2017 | doi = 10.15586/jkcvhl.2017.96 | PMID = 29090117}}</ref> | ||
*Vimentin -ve.<ref name=pmid26925847/> | *Vimentin -ve.<ref name=pmid26925847/> | ||
A panel: | A panel: | ||
*CK7, PAX8, CD117, CD10, [[Mueller-Mowry stain]]. | *CK7, PAX8, CD117, CD10, [[Mueller-Mowry stain]], GATA-3. | ||
===Comparison between some renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm=== | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
!Tumour | |||
![[CK7]] | |||
![[CD117]] | |||
![[GATA3]] | |||
|- | |||
| Renal oncocytoma | |||
| -ve † | |||
| +ve | |||
| -ve/+ve | |||
|- | |||
| [[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] | |||
| +ve ‡ | |||
| +ve | |||
| -ve | |||
|- | |||
| [[Low-grade oncocytic tumour]] | |||
| +ve | |||
| -ve | |||
| +ve | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
† may have scattered positive cells<br> | |||
‡ diffuse and strong | |||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:41, 19 June 2024
| Renal oncocytoma | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Renal oncocytoma (left of image) and normal kidney (right of image). Kidney biopsy. H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm - slightly granular, cells arranged in nests, nuclei uniform and round without significant pleomorphism |
| LM DDx | chromophobe renal cell carcinoma eosinophilic variant, clear cell renal cell carcinoma eosinophilic variant, papillary renal cell carcinoma oncocytic variant, tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney, other renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm, benign liver |
| Stains | Hale's colloidal iron -ve |
| IHC | CK7 -ve/cytoplasmic +ve, CD117 +ve, PAX8 +ve |
| EM | abundant mitochondria |
| Gross | mass, mahogany brown +/- central scar |
| Grossing notes | partial nephrectomy grossing, total nephrectomy for tumour grossing |
| Site | kidney - see kidney tumours |
|
| |
| Clinical history | often incidentally discovered mass |
| Radiology | renal mass with central scar (classic) |
| Prognosis | benign |
| Clin. DDx | other kidney tumours |
Renal oncocytoma is a benign kidney tumour that is removed to exclude malignancy.
General
- Can be difficult to distinguish radiologically from RCC (chromophobe subtype).
- ... and pathologists occasionally struggle like the radiologists.
- Benign tumour - the reason it is excised is... one cannot be certain it isn't a RCC.
- May be seen in the context of renal oncocytosis.[1]
Gross
- Mass, mahogany brown.
- Well circumscribed.
- 1/3 have a characteristic central scar.[2]
Image
Renal oncocytoma with central scar. (WP)
Microscopic
Features:
- Eosinophilic cytoplasm - slightly granular key feature.
- Cells arranged in nests.
- Nuclei uniform and round.[2]
- Slightly enlarged nuclei, but no significant pleomorphism (size variation) - important.‡
Notes:
- May look like eosinophilic variant of chromophobe RCC -- this is the main DDx.
- A comparison based on histomorphology: Tabular comparison between ChRCC & oncocytoma.
- Oncocytoma typically has: no perinuclear clearing, no raisinoid nuclei, rare or no binucleation.
- A comparison based on histomorphology: Tabular comparison between ChRCC & oncocytoma.
- May have - according to Trpkov et al.:[3]
- Vascular invasion ~4% of cases.
- Chromophobe-like foci (<5% of neoplasm) ~12% of cases.
- Focal clear cell changes ~15% of cases.
- Hemorrhage.
- ‡ Focal "degenerative" atypia can be present; it is reported in ~20% of cases.[4]
DDx:
- Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, eosinophilic variant.
- Succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma - emerging entity as per Vancouver classification - classically has a flocculent cytoplasm, may have oncocytoma-like areas.
- Papillary renal cell carcinoma, oncocytic variant.
- Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour.
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, eosinophilic variant.
- Tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney.
- Other renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm.
- Benign liver.
Images
Case 1
Oncocytoma. (WC/KGH)
Oncocytoma. (WC/KGH)
Oncocytoma. (WC/KGH)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
Case 2
Oncocytoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Oncocytoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
Oncocytoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
Case 3
Oncocytoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
Oncocytoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)
Oncocytoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
Oncocytoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Stains
- Hale's colloidal iron (or Mueller-Mowry stain) -ve.
- ChRCC +ve (blue granular cytoplasmic).
IHC
- CK7 -ve[5]/+ve (cytoplasmic).
- Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma = cell membrane +ve.
- Based on a mRNA study it was suggested that <50% CK7 immunostaining favours oncocytoma.[6]
- PAX8 +ve.[7]
- CD117 +ve.[8]
- ChRCC also +ve.
- GATA-3 usually -ve (38 cases negative of 47 cases).[9]
- +ve in low-grade oncocytic renal tumour.
Others:
- CD10 -ve/+ve.
- Amylase α-1A +ve.[10]
- PAX2 +ve.[11]
- Oncocytoma 20 of 23 +ve versus ChRCC 1 of 11 +ve.
- AMACR -ve[12] or variable.[13]
- Vimentin -ve.[12]
A panel:
- CK7, PAX8, CD117, CD10, Mueller-Mowry stain, GATA-3.
Comparison between some renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm
| Tumour | CK7 | CD117 | GATA3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Renal oncocytoma | -ve † | +ve | -ve/+ve |
| Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma | +ve ‡ | +ve | -ve |
| Low-grade oncocytic tumour | +ve | -ve | +ve |
† may have scattered positive cells
‡ diffuse and strong
Sign out
Biopsy
Kidney Mass, Left, Core Biopsy: - Renal tumour with oncocytic cytoplasm, favour oncocytoma. COMMENT: The tumour is stains as follows: POSITIVE: CD117. NEGATIVE: Hale's colloidal iron, CK7.
Block letters
KIDNEY MASS, RIGHT, CORE BIOPSY: - RENAL TUMOUR WITH ONCOCYTIC CYTOPLASM, FAVOUR ONCOCYTOMA. COMMENT: The tumour is CK7 negative and Hale's colloidal iron negative.
Micro
The sections show a tumour with cells arranged in nests. The tumour cells have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumour cell nuclei are predominantly round. No perinuclear halos are apparent. Binucleation is not common. No zonal necrosis is identified. Focally, tumour nests are spaced reminiscent of an archipelago. Mitoses are not apparent. The tumour is moderately circumscribed.
A small amount of renal parenchyma is present. No definite glomeruli are identified. No significant interstitial fibrosis is present. No inflammation is apparent.
Resection
PORTION OF KIDNEY, LEFT, PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY: - ONCOCYTOMA. COMMENT: The tumour is CK7 negative and Hale's colloidal iron negative.
Micro
The sections show a tumour with cells arranged in nests. The tumour cells have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumour cell nuclei are round and have round nucleoli. No perinuclear halos are apparent. Binucleation is not common. No zonal necrosis is identified. Focally, tumour nests are spaced reminiscent of an archipelago. Mitoses are not apparent. The tumour is moderately circumscribed and is completely excised in the planes of section.
The thin rim of renal parenchyma has no apparent glomerular pathology on the H&E stained sections. Mild-to-moderate atherosclerosis is present. Mild arteriolar hyalinization is identified.
The Hale's colloidal iron stain is negative in the tumour. A CK7 immunostain has very rare positive cells within the tumour; this is interpreted overall as negative.
See also
References
- ↑ Kuroda, N.; Tanaka, A.; Ohe, C.; Mikami, S.; Nagashima, Y.; Sasaki, T.; Inoue, K.; Hes, O. et al. (Nov 2012). "Review of renal oncocytosis (multiple oncocytic lesions) with focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects.". Histol Histopathol 27 (11): 1407-12. PMID 23018240.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zhou, Ming; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina (2006). Genitourinary Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 302. ISBN 978-0443066771.
- ↑ Trpkov, K.; Yilmaz, A.; Uzer, D.; Dishongh, KM.; Quick, CM.; Bismar, TA.; Gokden, N. (Dec 2010). "Renal oncocytoma revisited: a clinicopathological study of 109 cases with emphasis on problematic diagnostic features.". Histopathology 57 (6): 893-906. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03726.x. PMID 21166703.
- ↑ Tickoo SK, Amin MB (December 1998). "Discriminant nuclear features of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Analysis of their potential utility in the differential diagnosis". Am J Clin Pathol 110 (6): 782–7. doi:10.1093/ajcp/110.6.782. PMID 9844591.
- ↑ Liu, L.; Qian, J.; Singh, H.; Meiers, I.; Zhou, X.; Bostwick, DG. (Aug 2007). "Immunohistochemical analysis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma: an optimal and practical panel for differential diagnosis.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 131 (8): 1290-7. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1290:IAOCRC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17683191.
- ↑ Adley, BP.; Papavero, V.; Sugimura, J.; Teh, BT.; Yang, XJ. (Aug 2006). "Diagnostic value of cytokeratin 7 and parvalbumin in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma.". Anal Quant Cytol Histol 28 (4): 228-36. PMID 16927643.
- ↑ Hu, Y.; Hartmann, A.; Stoehr, C.; Zhang, S.; Wang, M.; Tacha, D.; Montironi, R.; Lopez-Beltran, A. et al. (Mar 2012). "PAX8 is expressed in the majority of renal epithelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 223 cases using a mouse monoclonal antibody.". J Clin Pathol 65 (3): 254-6. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200508. PMID 22135028.
- ↑ Krüger, S.; Sotlar, K.; Kausch, I.; Horny, HP. (2005). "Expression of KIT (CD117) in renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma.". Oncology 68 (2-3): 269-75. doi:10.1159/000086783. PMID 16015044.
- ↑ Gonzalez-Roibon N, Faraj SF, Munari E, Bezerra SM, Albadine R, Sharma R, Argani P, Allaf ME, Netto GJ (February 2014). "Comprehensive profile of GATA binding protein 3 immunohistochemical expression in primary and metastatic renal neoplasms". Hum Pathol 45 (2): 244–8. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2013.08.020. PMID 24315206.
- ↑ Jain, S.; Roy, S.; Amin, M.; Acquafondata, M.; Yin, M.; Laframboise, W.; Bastacky, S.; Pantanowitz, L. et al. (Dec 2013). "Amylase α-1A (AMY1A): A Novel Immunohistochemical Marker to Differentiate Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma From Benign Oncocytoma.". Am J Surg Pathol 37 (12): 1824-30. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000108. PMID 24225843.
- ↑ Memeo L, Jhang J, Assaad AM, et al. (February 2007). "Immunohistochemical analysis for cytokeratin 7, KIT, and PAX2: value in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe cell carcinoma". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 127 (2): 225–9. doi:10.1309/9KWEA4W9Y94D1AEE. PMID 17210525. http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17210525.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lüders, C.; Kristiansen, G. (Mar 2016). "[Oncocytoma versus chromophobe renal cell carcinoma : Is there something in between?].". Pathologe 37 (2): 153-8. doi:10.1007/s00292-016-0145-0. PMID 26925847.
- ↑ Wobker, S.E.; Williamson, S.R. (Oct 2017). "Modern Pathologic Diagnosis of Renal Oncocytoma". J Kidney Cancer VHL 4 (4): 1-12. doi:10.15586/jkcvhl.2017.96. PMID 29090117.