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Difference between revisions of "Emphysema"
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| Syndromes = [[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]], others | | Syndromes = [[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]], others | ||
| Clinicalhx = +/-[[smoking]] | | Clinicalhx = +/-[[smoking]] | ||
| Signs = barrel chest | | Signs = barrel-shaped chest | ||
| Symptoms = shortness of breath | | Symptoms = shortness of breath | ||
| Prevalence = common | | Prevalence = common | ||
| Bloodwork = | | Bloodwork = | ||
| Rads = hyperinflation | | Rads = hyperinflation, Saber-sheath trachea (associated with COPD) | ||
| Endoscopy = | | Endoscopy = | ||
| Prognosis = dependent on underlying cause | | Prognosis = dependent on underlying cause | ||
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#Irregular emphysema - usu. insignificant. | #Irregular emphysema - usu. insignificant. | ||
* | Note: | ||
* | * Why does smoking lead to centriacinar emphysema? | ||
** The bad stuff from smoking gets enters the acinus at the centre; ergo, this is the location of the most damage. | |||
==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||
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*Bleb = (small) [[vesicle]].<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref> | *Bleb = (small) [[vesicle]].<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bleb]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref> | ||
*Bulla = large vesicle.<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref> | *Bulla = large vesicle.<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bulla]. Accessed on: 3 August 2011.</ref> | ||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Centrilobular emphysema 865 lores.jpg |Centrilobular emphysema. (WC/Edwin Ewing Jr.) | |||
</gallery> | |||
===Radiology=== | |||
*''Saber-sheath trachea'' - a finding associated with ''COPD''.<ref name=pmid26912770>{{cite journal |authors=Tunsupon P, Dhillon SS, Harris K, Alraiyes AH |title=Saber-sheath trachea in a patient with severe COPD |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2016 |issue= |pages= |date=February 2016 |pmid=26912770 |pmc=4769447 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2016-214648 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Trachea's anterior to posterior dimension:left to right dimension is >2:1.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Webb EM, Elicker BM, Webb WR |title=Using CT to diagnose nonneoplastic tracheal abnormalities: appearance of the tracheal wall |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=174 |issue=5 |pages=1315–21 |date=May 2000 |pmid=10789785 |doi=10.2214/ajr.174.5.1741315 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Barrel-shaped chest.<ref name=pmid30604704>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarkar M, Bhardwaz R, Madabhavi I, Modi M |title=Physical signs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=Lung India |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=38–47 |date=2019 |pmid=30604704 |pmc=6330798 |doi=10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_145_18 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Microscopic== | ==Microscopic== | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Medical lung diseases]]. | *[[Medical lung diseases]]. | ||
*[[Smoking]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||