Difference between revisions of "Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis"
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==General== | ==General== | ||
*Pathology: loss of parietal cells, gastric atrophy | *Pathology: loss of parietal cells, gastric atrophy. | ||
*Lab: classically considered to have [[macrocytic anemia]]; however, normocytic and microcystic more common.<ref name=pmid16239424>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hershko | first1 = C. | last2 = Ronson | first2 = A. | last3 = Souroujon | first3 = M. | last4 = Maschler | first4 = I. | last5 = Heyd | first5 = J. | last6 = Patz | first6 = J. | title = Variable hematologic presentation of autoimmune gastritis: age-related progression from iron deficiency to cobalamin depletion. | journal = Blood | volume = 107 | issue = 4 | pages = 1673-9 | month = Feb | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3534 | PMID = 16239424 }}</ref> | |||
*Etiology: autoimmune. | *Etiology: autoimmune. | ||
Revision as of 20:25, 12 June 2019
| Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
|
| |
| LM | corpus predominant inflammation - usu. moderate or severe, loss of parietal cells, increased G cells in the antrum |
| LM DDx | chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, gastric neuroendocrine tumour |
| Site | stomach |
|
| |
| Prevalence | uncommon |
| Blood work | antibodies to parietal cells & intrinsic factor, macrocytic anemia, increased gastrin level |
| Endoscopy | erythema - corpus only |
| Clin. DDx | diffuse chronic gastritis |
Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis, also autoimmune gastritis[1] (abbreviated AIG), is a rare pathology of the stomach. It is closely associated with pernicious anemia.
General
- Pathology: loss of parietal cells, gastric atrophy.
- Lab: classically considered to have macrocytic anemia; however, normocytic and microcystic more common.[2]
- Etiology: autoimmune.
Diagnosis based on serology for antibodies to:[3]
- Parietal cells.
- Intrinsic factor.
Others:
Note:
- Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor (important for vitamin B12 absorption) and hydrogen chloride, i.e. stomach acid.
Gross
- Erythema - corpus involved, antrum spared.
Microscopic
Features:
- Corpus predominant inflammation - usu. moderate or severe - key feature.
- Loss of parietal cells.
- Increased G cells in the antrum.
- Produce gastrin to stimulate the (missing) parietal cells.
Notes:
- Compare with other types of gastric atrophy.
DDx:
IHC
Features:[6]
- Chromogranin A +ve (demonstrates nodular enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia).
- Gastrin -ve (body of stomach).
- +ve in antrum.
Images:
- Autoimmune gastritis - chromogranin A (nih.gov).[7]
- Findings may be seen in hypergastrinemia and nodular enterochromaffin cell-like (ECL) hyperplasia.
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STOMACH, BIOPSY: - SEVERE CHRONIC ACTIVE GASTRITIS WITH EXTENSIVE INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. COMMENT: Parietal cells are not apparent on the H&E stained sections. Immunostains show rows of Chromogranin A positive cells and a lack of gastrin staining. These findings suggest an autoimmune gastritis; correlation with blood work is suggested.
See also
References
- ↑ Chlumská, A.; Boudová, L.; Benes, Z.; Zámecník, M. (Oct 2005). "Autoimmune gastritis. A clinicopathologic study of 25 cases.". Cesk Patol 41 (4): 137-42. PMID 16382988.
- ↑ Hershko, C.; Ronson, A.; Souroujon, M.; Maschler, I.; Heyd, J.; Patz, J. (Feb 2006). "Variable hematologic presentation of autoimmune gastritis: age-related progression from iron deficiency to cobalamin depletion.". Blood 107 (4): 1673-9. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-09-3534. PMID 16239424.
- ↑ Oh, R.; Brown, DL. (Mar 2003). "Vitamin B12 deficiency.". Am Fam Physician 67 (5): 979-86. PMID 12643357.
- ↑ Annibale, B.; Lahner, E.; Fave, GD. (Dec 2011). "Diagnosis and management of pernicious anemia.". Curr Gastroenterol Rep 13 (6): 518-24. doi:10.1007/s11894-011-0225-5. PMID 21947876.
- ↑ URL: http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8512. Accessed on: 14 August 2012.
- ↑ Park, JY.; Cornish, TC.; Lam-Himlin, D.; Shi, C.; Montgomery, E. (Nov 2010). "Gastric lesions in patients with autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) in a tertiary care setting.". Am J Surg Pathol 34 (11): 1591-8. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181f623af. PMID 20975338.
- ↑ Pritchard, DM.; Berry, D.; Przemeck, SM.; Campbell, F.; Edwards, SW.; Varro, A. (Oct 2008). "Gastrin increases mcl-1 expression in type I gastric carcinoid tumors and a gastric epithelial cell line that expresses the CCK-2 receptor.". Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 (4): G798-805. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00015.2008. PMID 18719002.