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'''[[Heart|Cardiac]] tumours''' are rare buggers. They provide some work for cardiac surgeons. | '''[[Heart|Cardiac]] tumours''' are rare buggers. They provide some work for cardiac surgeons. | ||
=Most common malignant= | |||
*Metastases - most common cardiac tumour; 1:~100 primary tumours:secondary tumours.<ref name=pmid20472615>{{Cite journal | last1 = Castillo | first1 = JG. | last2 = Silvay | first2 = G. | title = Characterization and management of cardiac tumors. | journal = Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6-20 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1177/1089253210362596 | PMID = 20472615 }}</ref> | *[[Metastases]] - most common cardiac tumour; 1:~100 primary tumours:secondary tumours.<ref name=pmid20472615>{{Cite journal | last1 = Castillo | first1 = JG. | last2 = Silvay | first2 = G. | title = Characterization and management of cardiac tumors. | journal = Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6-20 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1177/1089253210362596 | PMID = 20472615 }}</ref> | ||
=Primary heart tumours= | |||
*Approximately 10% of resected (primary) cardiac tumours are malignant.<ref name=pmid18350921>{{cite journal |author=Burke A |title=Primary malignant cardiac tumors |journal=Semin Diagn Pathol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=39-46 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18350921 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Approximately 10% of resected (primary) cardiac tumours are malignant.<ref name=pmid18350921>{{cite journal |author=Burke A |title=Primary malignant cardiac tumors |journal=Semin Diagn Pathol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=39-46 |year=2008 |month=February |pmid=18350921 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**90% are sarcomas. | **90% are sarcomas. | ||
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In order of frequency: | In order of frequency: | ||
#Myxoma. | #[[Cardiac myxoma|Myxoma]]. | ||
#[[Lipoma]]. | #[[Lipoma]]. | ||
#Papillary fibroelastoma. | #[[Papillary fibroelastoma]]. | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
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Malignant heart tumours (in order of frequency):<ref name=pmid20472615>{{Cite journal | last1 = Castillo | first1 = JG. | last2 = Silvay | first2 = G. | title = Characterization and management of cardiac tumors. | journal = Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6-20 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1177/1089253210362596 | PMID = 20472615 }}</ref> | Malignant heart tumours (in order of frequency):<ref name=pmid20472615>{{Cite journal | last1 = Castillo | first1 = JG. | last2 = Silvay | first2 = G. | title = Characterization and management of cardiac tumors. | journal = Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 6-20 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1177/1089253210362596 | PMID = 20472615 }}</ref> | ||
#Undifferentiated. | #Undifferentiated. | ||
#Angiosarcoma. | #[[Angiosarcoma]]. | ||
#Leiomyosarcoma. | #[[Leiomyosarcoma]]. | ||
Note: | Note: | ||
*According to WMSP:<ref name=Ref_WMSP135>{{Ref WMSP|135}}</ref> Most common primary malignant tumour of the heart = angiosarcoma. | *According to WMSP:<ref name=Ref_WMSP135>{{Ref WMSP|135}}</ref> Most common primary malignant tumour of the heart = angiosarcoma. | ||
== | =Specific entities= | ||
==Cardiac myxoma== | |||
{{Main|Cardiac myxoma}} | |||
This includes the common ''atrial myxoma''. | |||
==Papillary fibroelastoma== | |||
*[[AKA]] ''fibroelastoma''. | |||
**Should '''not''' be confused with ''[[elastofibroma]]''. | |||
*[[AKA]] ''giant Lambl excrescence''.<ref name=pmid9767897>{{Cite journal | last1 = Loire | first1 = R. | last2 = Pinède | first2 = L. | last3 = Donsbeck | first3 = AV. | last4 = Nighoghossian | first4 = N. | last5 = Perinetti | first5 = M. | title = [Papillary fibroelastoma of the heart (giant Lambl excrescence). Clinical-anatomical study on 10 surgically treated patients]. | journal = Presse Med | volume = 27 | issue = 16 | pages = 753-7 | month = Apr | year = 1998 | doi = | PMID = 9767897 }}</ref> | |||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
* | *Usually an incidental finding. | ||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
*Friable appearing. | |||
*Yellow. | |||
*Typically on free edge. | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://www.e-heart.org/Photos/09_Cardiac_Tumors_Photos/%C2%A9%20Papillary%20fibroelastoma%20-%20Gross.jpg Papillary fibroelastoma (e-heart.org)].<ref>URL: [http://www.e-heart.org/pages/09_Cardiac_Tumors/09_Cardiac_Tumors_Primary_Benign_Cardiac_Papillary%20Fibroelastoma_001.htm http://www.e-heart.org/pages/09_Cardiac_Tumors/09_Cardiac_Tumors_Primary_Benign_Cardiac_Papillary%20Fibroelastoma_001.htm]. 5 March 2013.</ref> | |||
* | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features:<ref>[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/hearttumor.html http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/hearttumor.html]</ref> | Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/hearttumor.html http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/hearttumor.html]. Accessed on: 16 May 2011.</ref> | ||
*Braching papillary fronds which are: | *Braching papillary fronds which are: | ||
**Composed of collagen, and | **Composed of collagen, and | ||
Line 74: | Line 56: | ||
**Mucopolysaccharide. | **Mucopolysaccharide. | ||
====Images==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Papillary_fibroelastoma.jpg | Papillary fibroelastoma - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Papillary_fibroelastoma2.jpg | Papillary fibroelastoma - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
== | ==Cardiac rhabdomyoma== | ||
{{Main|Rhabdomyoma}} | |||
*Very rare. | *Very rare. | ||
*Benign. | *Benign. | ||
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==Rhabdomyosarcoma== | ==Rhabdomyosarcoma== | ||
See ''[[ | See ''[[rhabdomyosarcoma]]''. | ||
==Lipoma== | ==Lipoma== | ||
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*Lipomatous hypertrophy.<ref name=pmid20196664>{{Cite journal | last1 = Miller | first1 = DV. | last2 = Tazelaar | first2 = HD. | title = Cardiovascular pseudoneoplasms. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 134 | issue = 3 | pages = 362-8 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = | PMID = 20196664 }}</ref> | *Lipomatous hypertrophy.<ref name=pmid20196664>{{Cite journal | last1 = Miller | first1 = DV. | last2 = Tazelaar | first2 = HD. | title = Cardiovascular pseudoneoplasms. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 134 | issue = 3 | pages = 362-8 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = | PMID = 20196664 }}</ref> | ||
==Cystic | ==Cystic tumour of the atrioventricular nodal region== | ||
{{Main|Cystic tumour of the atrioventricular nodal region}} | |||
== | ==Angiosarcoma== | ||
[[File: Angiosarc heart 1 sl 1.png| Angiosarcoma of right atrium]] | |||
[[File: Angiosarc heart 1 sl 2.png| Angiosarcoma of right atrium]] | |||
[[File: Angiosarc heart 1 sl 3.png| Angiosarcoma of right atrium]] | |||
[[File: Angiosarc heart 1 sl 4.png| Angiosarcoma of right atrium]] | |||
[[File: Angiosarc heart 1 sl 5.png| Angiosarcoma of right atrium]] | |||
[[File: Angiosarc heart 1 sl 6.png| Angiosarcoma of right atrium]] | |||
Angiosarcoma of right atrium. A. Luminal clot tops tumor with blood filled spaces. B. Tumor replaces myocardium. C. Irregularly branched vessels, sometimes associated with extravasated erythrocytes. D. Irregularly aggregated and oriented spindle cells. E. Cells vary in size and shape much more so than an organizing thrombus or hemangioma. Note luminal tufts (green arrows), clustered large cancer nuclei with nucleoli (blue arrows). F. Cytoplasmic vacuoles, some with erythrocytes (arrows). | |||
=See also= | |||
*[[Heart]]. | *[[Heart]]. | ||
*[[Valvular heart disease]]. | *[[Valvular heart disease]]. | ||
=References= | |||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Cardiovascular pathology]] | [[Category:Cardiovascular pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiac tumours]] |
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