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Difference between revisions of "Nephrolithiasis"
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'''Nephrolithiasis''', commonly known as '''kidney stones''', are solids that form in the kidney. They can be found anywhere in the genitourinary tract. | '''Nephrolithiasis''', commonly known as '''kidney stones''', are solids that form in the kidney. They can be found anywhere in the genitourinary tract. '''Bladder stones''' redirects here. | ||
==Classic types== | |||
*Calcium oxalate - most common.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = López | first1 = M. | last2 = Hoppe | first2 = B. | title = History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 49-59 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5 | PMID = 21476230 }}</ref> | *Calcium oxalate - most common.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = López | first1 = M. | last2 = Hoppe | first2 = B. | title = History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 49-59 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5 | PMID = 21476230 }}</ref> | ||
*Uric acid. | *Uric acid. | ||
*Struvite. | *Struvite. | ||
*Cystine. | *Cystine. | ||
Notes: | |||
*Memory devices: | |||
**''Diamonds'' are see-through; ergo, uric acid stones not seen on KUB. | |||
**Calcium oxalat'''e''' = '''e'''nvelope, uric aci'''d''' = '''d'''iamond. | |||
*Uric acid crystals: usually dissolve in [[formalin]]... but do not dissolve in alcohol.<ref>Geddie, W. 8 January 2010.</ref> | |||
*Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the context of [[ethylene glycol]] poisoning.<ref name=Ref_KFP589>{{Ref KFP|589}}</ref> | |||
===Images=== | |||
*[http://www.kidneypathology.com/Imagenes/Diabetes/Oxalato.4.w.jpg Oxalate crystals (kidneypathology.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html]. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.</ref> | |||
==Sign out== | |||
===Compatible with bladder stone=== | |||
<pre> | |||
URINARY BLADDER (QUERY STONE), BIOPSY: | |||
- TRANSLUCENT CRYSTALS THAT ARE WHITE/LIGHT BLUE WITH POLARIZED LIGHT, CALCIFICATIONS | |||
(CONSISTENT WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) AND ABUNDANT COCCI MICROORGANISMS, SEE COMMENT. | |||
- NO DEFINITE UROTHELIAL MUCOSA IDENTIFIED. | |||
- NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
The findings are compatible with a bladder stone. | |||
</pre> | |||
<pre> | |||
Submitted as "Bladder Stone", Removal: | |||
- Consistent with urinary bladder stone (gross only). | |||
</pre> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*[[Ureter]]. | *[[Ureter]]. | ||
*[[Crystals in fluids]]. | *[[Crystals in fluids]]. | ||
*[[Cystinosis]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||