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Difference between revisions of "Pneumothorax"
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[[Image:Blausen_0742_Pneumothorax.png|thumb|A normal and collapsed lung. (WC/Blausen gallery 2014)]] | |||
'''Pneumothorax''' is air within the potential space between the parietal [[pleura]] and visceral pleura leading to a partial or complete collapse of the [[lung]]. | '''Pneumothorax''' is air within the potential space between the parietal [[pleura]] and visceral pleura leading to a partial or complete collapse of the [[lung]]. | ||
==General== | ==General== | ||
*[[Clinical diagnosis]] (radiology). | *[[Clinical diagnosis]] (typically by radiology) ''or'' [[autopsy]] diagnosis. | ||
===Causes=== | ===Causes=== | ||
| Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
**No underlying cause. | **No underlying cause. | ||
*Secondary - underlying disease. | *Secondary - underlying disease. | ||
**[[Emphysema]]. | |||
**[[Lung bleb|Bullous disease]]. | |||
**[[Blunt force trauma]] - esp. rib fractures. | |||
**[[Interstitial lung disease]].{{fact}} | |||
**Iatrogenic. | |||
**[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]. | **[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]. | ||
**[[Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome]].<ref name=pmid27220747>{{Cite journal | last1 = Furuya | first1 = M. | last2 = Yao | first2 = M. | last3 = Tanaka | first3 = R. | last4 = Nagashima | first4 = Y. | last5 = Kuroda | first5 = N. | last6 = Hasumi | first6 = H. | last7 = Baba | first7 = M. | last8 = Matsushima | first8 = J. | last9 = Nomura | first9 = F. | title = Genetic, epidemiologic and clinicopathologic studies of Japanese Asian patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. | journal = Clin Genet | volume = 90 | issue = 5 | pages = 403-412 | month = Nov | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1111/cge.12807 | PMID = 27220747 }}</ref> | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
Lung (Left Upper Lobe), Resection: | |||
- Emphysematous changes with lung belbs/bullae. | |||
- Focal subpleural fibrosis and pigmented airspace macrophages. | |||
- NEGATIVE for significant inflammation. | |||
- NEGATIVE for significant interstitial fibrosis. | |||
- NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
- Please see comment. | |||
Comment: | |||
The wedge-shaped pattern of fibrotic healing seen in the pleura is typical | |||
of spontaneous pneumothorax. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Alternate=== | |||
<pre> | |||
A. Lung, Right Upper Lobe - Apical Segment, Wedge Resection: | |||
- Mild emphysematous changes. | |||
- Focal subpleural fibrosis. | |||
- NEGATIVE for significant inflammation. | |||
- NEGATIVE for significant interstitial fibrosis. | |||
- NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
- Please see comment. | |||
B. Lung, Right Upper Lobe - Posterior Segment, Wedge Resection: | |||
- Mild emphysematous changes. | |||
- Focal subpleural fibrosis. | |||
- NEGATIVE for significant inflammation. | |||
- NEGATIVE for significant interstitial fibrosis. | |||
- NEGATIVE for malignancy. | |||
- Please see comment. | |||
Comment: | |||
The wedge-shaped pattern of fibrotic healing seen in the pleura is typical | |||
of spontaneous pneumothorax. | |||
The emphysema present may be a contributory factor; however, other causes | |||
must be excluded clinically. | |||
</pre> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Pleura]]. | *[[Pleura]]. | ||
*[[Pleural effusion]]. | |||
*[[Lung]]. | *[[Lung]]. | ||
*[[Rounded atelectasis]]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 18: | Line 68: | ||
[[Category:Pulmonary pathology]] | [[Category:Pulmonary pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | |||