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Difference between revisions of "Glioma"
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moved from neuropathology tumors
Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (typo fix, image added and see also) |
Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (moved from neuropathology tumors) |
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Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell with which they share histological features, but not necessarily from which they originate. The main types of gliomas are: | Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell with which they share histological features, but not necessarily from which they originate. The main types of gliomas are: | ||
* [[Astrocytoma]]s—[[astrocyte]]s ([[glioblastoma multiforme]] is a malignant astrocytoma and the most common primary brain tumor among adults). | * [[Astrocytoma]]s—[[astrocyte]]s ([[glioblastoma multiforme]] is a malignant astrocytoma and the most common primary brain tumor among adults). | ||
* [[Oligodendroglioma]]s—[[oligodendrocyte]]s | * [[Oligodendroglioma]]s—[[oligodendrocyte]]s | ||
* Mixed gliomas, such as [[oligoastrocytoma]]s, contain cells | * [[Ependymoma]]s—ependymal cells | ||
* Mixed gliomas, such as [[oligoastrocytoma]]s, contain cells with different morphologies | |||
**Molecular analysis allows the tumor in most cases assigned to astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma. | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
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*The infratentorial is below the tentorium, in the cerebellum, and mostly found in children (70%). | *The infratentorial is below the tentorium, in the cerebellum, and mostly found in children (70%). | ||
*The pontine is located in the pons of the brainstem. The brainstem has three parts (pons, midbrain, and medulla); the pons controls critical functions such as breathing, making surgery on these extremely dangerous. | *The pontine is located in the pons of the brainstem. The brainstem has three parts (pons, midbrain, and medulla); the pons controls critical functions such as breathing, making surgery on these extremely dangerous. | ||
==Table of common gliomas== | |||
Histomorphologic comparison of common gliomas: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|'''Entity''' || '''Rosenthal <br>fibres / EGBs''' ||'''Nuclear atypia''' ||'''Mitoses''' || '''Necrosis or MVP''' || '''Infiltrative''' || '''Image''' | |||
|- | |||
|[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]] || yes || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no || no || [[Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg|thumb|150px]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Diffuse astrocytoma]] || no || yes || no || no || yes || [[File:Astrocytoma_whoII_HE.jpg|thumb|150px]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Anaplastic astrocytoma]] || no || yes || yes || no || yes || [[Image:Anaplastic_astrocytoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Glioblastoma]] || no || yes || yes || yes || yes || [[Image:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Oligodendroglioma]] || no || usu. no || yes || no || yes || [[Image:Oligodendroglioma1_low_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[Ependymoma]] || no || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no || discrete || [[Image:|thumb|150px]] | |||
|} | |||
Notes: | |||
*''MVP'' = microvascular proliferation. | |||
*''EGBs'' = eosinophilic granular bodies. | |||
==Frequency== | ==Frequency== | ||
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** astrocytoma grade II 9% | ** astrocytoma grade II 9% | ||
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 6.1% | ** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 6.1% | ||
** | ** ependymoma 6.8% | ||
** | ** oligodendroglioma grade II 5.9% | ||
** pilocytic astrocytoma 5.9% | ** pilocytic astrocytoma 5.9% | ||
** anaplastic | ** anaplastic oligodendroglioma grade III 3.3% | ||
** not further specified 8.4% | ** not further specified 8.4% | ||
*Children: | *Children: | ||
** pilocytic astrocytoma 33.8% | ** pilocytic astrocytoma 33.8% | ||
** malignant glioma, NOS 25.7% | ** malignant glioma, NOS 25.7% | ||
** | ** ependymoma 11.4% | ||
** astroyctoma grade II 11.1% | ** astroyctoma grade II 11.1% | ||
** glioblastoma 6.3% | ** glioblastoma 6.3% | ||
** oligodendroglioma | ** oligodendroglioma 3.9% | ||
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 3.6% | ** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 3.6% | ||
** not further specified 4.2% | ** not further specified 4.2% | ||