Difference between revisions of "Pediatric pathology"

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Pediatric pathology (view source)

Revision as of 15:29, 1 February 2011

2,767 bytes removed ,  15:29, 1 February 2011
split-out gi
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=Gastrointestinal pathology=
=Gastrointestinal pathology=
==Cystic fibrosis==
{{Main|Pediatric gastrointestinal pathology}}
*Abbreviated ''CF''.


===General===
GI is a big part pediatric pathology and therefore gets its own article.
*Genetic.
*May lead to meconium ileus.


===Microscopic (large bowel)===
Among others, things discussed include:
Features:<ref name=pmid710839>{{cite journal |author=Neutra MR, Trier JS |title=Rectal mucosa in cystic fibrosis. Morphological features before and after short term organ culture |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=701–10 |year=1978 |month=October |pmid=710839 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Cystic fibrosis.
*Crypt enlargement.
*Aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease).
 
*Meconium peritonitis.
Notes:
*''Not'' intracellular and extracellular accumulation of mucus. (?)
 
==Aganglionosis==
*[[AKA]] Hirschsprung disease.
===General===
*Congenital.
*Fixed by surgery.
 
Pathology:
*Parasympathetic ganglion cells in intramural and submucosal plexuses - not present.<ref name=pathcon_hirschsprung>URL: [[http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970813-0] [http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675%2806%2970813-0]]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref>
 
Notes:
*Most common reason for litigation in paediatric pathology.<ref>GT. 19 January 2011.</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=pathcon_hirschsprung/>
*Ganglion cells missing in submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus.
*+/-Submucosal fibrosis.
 
===Stains===
*Acetylcholinesterase: abundant, disorganized, nerve fibers.
*CD117. (???)
 
Images:
*[http://66.244.141.33/colorectal-Hirschsprung-disease Hirschsprung disease - collection (66.244.141.33)].
*[http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/Histo_course/myent_plexus.jpg Normal myenteric plexus (duke.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/PTH225.html]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref>
 
==Meconium peritonitis==
===General===
*May be due to a number of causes:
**Aganglionosis (Hirschsprung disease).
**Meconium ileus.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Brown granular material - '''key feature'''.
*+/-Multinucleated giant cells.
*Inflammatory infiltrate (PMNs, lymphocytes, plasma cells).
 
Image:
*[http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/caseofweek/case2008106image2.jpg Meconium peritonitis - gross (pathologyoutlines.com)].
 
==Necrotizing enterocolitis==
===General===
*Disease of the newborn.
*Diagnosed by imaging.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Large spaces.
 
Images:
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neonatal_necrotizing_enterocolitis,_gross_pathology_20G0021_lores.jpg NEC - gross (WP)].
*[http://cueflash.com/cardimages/answers/thumbnails/7/4/7747308.jpg NEC - micro. (cueflash.com)].<ref>URL: [http://cueflash.com/decks/Pathology_Pediatrics http://cueflash.com/decks/Pathology_Pediatrics]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref>
 
==Pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia==
===General===
*Assoc. with maternal diabetes.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Marked size variation of pancreatic islets.
**Normal islets ~ 150 micrometers (diameter).  Hyperplastic islets - up to ~500 micrometers (diameter).
 
Image:
*[http://eulep.pdn.cam.ac.uk/pathbase2/Search_Pathbase/factsheet.php?image_number=3297 Islet cell hyperplasia - mouse (cam.ac.uk)].


=Cardiovascular pathology=
=Cardiovascular pathology=
Michael
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