Difference between revisions of "Male infertility"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | |||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Male infertility -- intermed mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Mixed pattern male infertility (Sertoli cell only mixed with hypospermatogensis). [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| Synonyms = | |||
| Micro = various patterns - see ''microscopic'' | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[intratubular germ cell neoplasia]], [[germ cell tumour]], inflammation of the testis | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = [[testis]], [[vas deferens]] and other sites | |||
| Assdx = | |||
| Syndromes = | |||
| Clinicalhx = | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = not very common | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = benign | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = ([[clinical diagnosis]]) | |||
| Tx = dependent on underlying cause | |||
}} | |||
'''Male infertility''' is a [[clinical diagnosis]]. It is pretty much the only reason for a [[testis|testicular]] biopsy. | '''Male infertility''' is a [[clinical diagnosis]]. It is pretty much the only reason for a [[testis|testicular]] biopsy. | ||
This article focuses on the testicular causes of infertility. ''Testicular biopsy'' redirects to here. | |||
==General== | ==General== | ||
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#Seminiferous tubule hyalinization | #Seminiferous tubule hyalinization | ||
#A combination of the above. | #A combination of the above. | ||
DDx: | |||
*[[Intratubular germ cell neoplasia]]. | |||
*[[Germ cell tumour]]. | |||
*Inflammation of the testis. | |||
==Sign out== | ==Sign out== | ||
Revision as of 16:46, 11 April 2015
| Male infertility | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Mixed pattern male infertility (Sertoli cell only mixed with hypospermatogensis). H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | various patterns - see microscopic |
| LM DDx | intratubular germ cell neoplasia, germ cell tumour, inflammation of the testis |
| Site | testis, vas deferens and other sites |
|
| |
| Prevalence | not very common |
| Prognosis | benign |
| Clin. DDx | (clinical diagnosis) |
| Treatment | dependent on underlying cause |
Male infertility is a clinical diagnosis. It is pretty much the only reason for a testicular biopsy.
This article focuses on the testicular causes of infertility. Testicular biopsy redirects to here.
General
- Infertility is a clinical diagnosis.
It can be divided into:[1]
- Pre-testicular - e.g. hormonal, pituitary.
- Testicular.
- Post-testicular - e.g. blockage of vas deferens.
Microscopic
Male infertility on testicular biopsy shows one the following patterns:[1]
- Normal testis.
- Hypospermatogensis.
- Maturation arrest.
- Sertoli cells only.
- Seminiferous tubule hyalinization
- A combination of the above.
DDx:
- Intratubular germ cell neoplasia.
- Germ cell tumour.
- Inflammation of the testis.
Sign out
- The diagnosis should be the pattern (#1-6 above).
The following should be commented on:
- The number of tubules.
- The number of tubules with sperm.
- Hyalinization of the tubules.
- Inflammation.
- Absence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia.
Mixed pattern
LEFT TESTIS, BIOPSY FOR SPERM RETRIEVAL: - SERTOLI CELLS ONLY REGIONS (25% OF BIOPSY) INTERMEIXED WITH HISTOLOGICALLY NORMAL TESTIS (75% OF BIOPSY) WITH NORMAL NUMBERS OF SPERM. - NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE HYALINIZATION. - NEGATIVE FOR SIGNIFICANT INFLAMMATION. - NEGATIVE FOR INTRATUBULAR GERM CELL NEOPLASIA.