Difference between revisions of "Prostate-specific antigen"

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[[Image:Prostatelead.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The prostate gland and its surrounding structures. (WC/NCI)]]
[[Image:Advanced prostate carcinoma - PSA - 2 -- very high mag.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Micrograph]] showing a PSA immunostain marking [[prostate carcinoma]].]]
'''Prostate specific antigen''', abbreviated '''PSA''', is marker that is quite [[specificity|specific]] for the prostate.
'''Prostate specific antigen''', abbreviated '''PSA''', is marker that is quite [[specificity|specific]] for the prostate.


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*Increases with age.<ref name=pmid12350489>{{cite journal |author=Ku JH, Ahn JO, Lee CH, ''et al.'' |title=Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in healthy Korean men: influence of ethnicity |journal=Urology |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12350489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Increases with age.<ref name=pmid12350489>{{cite journal |author=Ku JH, Ahn JO, Lee CH, ''et al.'' |title=Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in healthy Korean men: influence of ethnicity |journal=Urology |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12350489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Prostate specific antigen density===
====Prostate specific antigen density====
:Abbreviated ''PSAD''.
:Abbreviated ''PSAD''.


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*Benign prostate gland versus [[prostate cancer]].<ref name=pmid1371554>{{cite journal |author=Benson MC, Whang IS, Pantuck A, ''et al.'' |title=Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer |journal=J. Urol. |volume=147 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=815–6 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1371554 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Verma A, St Onge J, Dhillon K, Chorneyko A |title=PSA density improves prediction of prostate cancer |journal=Can J Urol |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=7312–21 |year=2014 |month=June |pmid=24978363 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Benign prostate gland versus [[prostate cancer]].<ref name=pmid1371554>{{cite journal |author=Benson MC, Whang IS, Pantuck A, ''et al.'' |title=Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer |journal=J. Urol. |volume=147 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=815–6 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1371554 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Verma A, St Onge J, Dhillon K, Chorneyko A |title=PSA density improves prediction of prostate cancer |journal=Can J Urol |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=7312–21 |year=2014 |month=June |pmid=24978363 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


====A forumla for PSAD====
=====A forumla for PSAD=====
Benson ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid1371554>{{cite journal |author=Benson MC, Whang IS, Pantuck A, ''et al.'' |title=Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer |journal=J. Urol. |volume=147 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=815–6 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1371554 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Benson ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid1371554>{{cite journal |author=Benson MC, Whang IS, Pantuck A, ''et al.'' |title=Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer |journal=J. Urol. |volume=147 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=815–6 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1371554 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
:<math>PASD = \frac{serum PSA}{volume}</math>
:<math>PASD = \frac{serum PSA}{volume}</math>
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*The volume of an ellipsoid is:
*The volume of an ellipsoid is:
::<math>\frac{4}{3}\pi D1 \times D1 \times D3</math>.
::<math>\frac{4}{3}\pi D1 \times D1 \times D3</math>.
===Immunostain===
*Specific for prostate.
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Granular cytoplasmic staining.
Notes:
*May be very weak -- need to look at high power.
<gallery>
Image: Advanced prostate carcinoma - PSA -- high mag.jpg | Adv Pca - PSA - high mag. (WC)
Image: Advanced prostate carcinoma - PSA -- very high mag.jpg | Adv Pca - PSA - very high mag. (WC)
Image: Advanced prostate carcinoma - PSA - 2 -- high mag.jpg | Adv Pca - PSA - high mag. (WC)
Image: Advanced prostate carcinoma - PSA - 2 -- very high mag.jpg | Adv Pca - PSA - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
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