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Difference between revisions of "Leukoplakia"
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'''Leukoplakia''' is a relatively common clinical finding in clinical medicine. This article looks at leukoplakia of the [[head and neck pathology|head and neck]]. | |||
''[[Hairy leukoplakia]]'' is dealt with separately. The typical ''[[benign leukoplakia]]'' is also dealt with separately. | |||
==General== | |||
*Non-specific clinical finding - may be benign ''or'' malignant. | |||
*Associated with tobacco use.<ref name=pmid11336117>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bánóczy | first1 = J. | last2 = Gintner | first2 = Z. | last3 = Dombi | first3 = C. | title = Tobacco use and oral leukoplakia. | journal = J Dent Educ | volume = 65 | issue = 4 | pages = 322-7 | month = Apr | year = 2001 | doi = | PMID = 11336117 }}</ref> | |||
Risk of malignancy: | |||
*In twos series ~13% were associated with an invasive lesion.<ref name=pmid19953947>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lan | first1 = AX. | last2 = Guan | first2 = XB. | last3 = Sun | first3 = Z. | title = [Analysis of risk factors for carcinogenesis of oral leukoplakia]. | journal = Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi | volume = 44 | issue = 6 | pages = 327-31 | month = Jun | year = 2009 | doi = | PMID = 19953947 }}</ref><ref name=pmid16545712>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lee | first1 = JJ. | last2 = Hung | first2 = HC. | last3 = Cheng | first3 = SJ. | last4 = Chen | first4 = YJ. | last5 = Chiang | first5 = CP. | last6 = Liu | first6 = BY. | last7 = Jeng | first7 = JH. | last8 = Chang | first8 = HH. | last9 = Kuo | first9 = YS. | title = Carcinoma and dysplasia in oral leukoplakias in Taiwan: prevalence and risk factors. | journal = Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod | volume = 101 | issue = 4 | pages = 472-80 | month = Apr | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.024 | PMID = 16545712 }}</ref> | |||
*Non-homogenous leukoplakia has a greater risk of malignancy than homogenous.<ref name=pmid16545712/> | |||
*Location matters - floor of mouth and ventral tongue lesions higher risk for malignancy.<ref name=pmid7548621>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sciubba | first1 = JJ. | title = Oral leukoplakia. | journal = Crit Rev Oral Biol Med | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 147-60 | month = | year = 1995 | doi = | PMID = 7548621 | URL = http://cro.sagepub.com/content/6/2/147.long }}</ref> | |||
==Gross== | |||
*White lesion - may be subdivided: | |||
**Non-homogenous. | |||
**Homogenous. | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD780>{{Ref PBoD|780}}</ref> | |||
*Often associated with epithelial thickening ([[hyperkeratosis]], [[acanthosis]]). | |||
DDx: | |||
*Food debris. | |||
*[[Oral candidiasis]]. | |||
*[[Lichen planus]]. | |||
*[[Benign alveolar ridge keratosis]] (oral [[lichen simplex chronicus]]).<ref name=pmid18158926>{{Cite journal | last1 = Natarajan | first1 = E. | last2 = Woo | first2 = SB. | title = Benign alveolar ridge keratosis (oral lichen simplex chronicus): A distinct clinicopathologic entity. | journal = J Am Acad Dermatol | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 151-7 | month = Jan | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.07.011 | PMID = 18158926 }}</ref> | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | |||
*Others - see ''[[Dermatopathology#Leukoplakia]]''. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[An introduction to head and neck pathology]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Clinical]] | |||
[[Category:Head and neck pathology]] | |||