Difference between revisions of "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia"
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | |||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = | |||
| Synonyms = | |||
| Micro = stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels, paucivascular or avascular terminal villi | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[placental villous immaturity]], [[fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]] | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = [[placenta]] | |||
| Assdx = fetal demise, [[IUGR]] | |||
| Syndromes = [[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]] | |||
| Clinicalhx = | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = very rare | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = [[partial hydatidiform mole]] | |||
| Tx = | |||
}} | |||
'''Placental mesenchymal dysplasia''', abbreviated '''PMD''', is a very rare pathology of the [[placenta]]. | |||
==General== | |||
*Very rare ~ 70 reported cases.<ref name=pmid16753607>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pham | first1 = T. | last2 = Steele | first2 = J. | last3 = Stayboldt | first3 = C. | last4 = Chan | first4 = L. | last5 = Benirschke | first5 = K. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: A report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature. | journal = Am J Clin Pathol | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 67-78 | month = Jul | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1309/RV45-HRD5-3YQ2-YFTP | PMID = 16753607 }}</ref> | |||
*Etiology unknown. | |||
Associations:<ref name=pmid16753607/> | |||
*[[IUGR]] ~ 50% of cases. | |||
*Fetal demise ~ 40-45% of cases. | |||
*[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]]. | |||
==Gross== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid23266781>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rohilla | first1 = M. | last2 = Siwatch | first2 = S. | last3 = Jain | first3 = V. | last4 = Nijhawan | first4 = R. | title = Placentomegaly and placental mesenchymal dysplasia. | journal = BMJ Case Rep | volume = 2012 | issue = | pages = | month = | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007777 | PMID = 23266781 }}</ref> | |||
*[[Placentomegaly]]. | |||
*Grape-like vesicles. | |||
DDx - gross: | |||
*[[Partial hydatidiform mole]]. | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F3/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid21513565>{{Cite journal | last1 = Umazume | first1 = T. | last2 = Kataoka | first2 = S. | last3 = Kamamuta | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanuma | first4 = F. | last5 = Sumie | first5 = A. | last6 = Shirogane | first6 = T. | last7 = Kudou | first7 = T. | last8 = Ikeda | first8 = H. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, a case of intrauterine sudden death of fetus with rupture of cirsoid periumbilical chorionic vessels. | journal = Diagn Pathol | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 38 | month = | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1186/1746-1596-6-38 | PMID = 21513565 }}</ref> | |||
*Stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels. | |||
*Paucivascular (few blood vessels) or avascular (terminal) villi. | |||
Note: | |||
*Stem villi = large villi with a fibrotic core and (fetal) arteries and veins.<ref name=pmid9260835>{{Cite journal | last1 = Demir | first1 = R. | last2 = Kosanke | first2 = G. | last3 = Kohnen | first3 = G. | last4 = Kertschanska | first4 = S. | last5 = Kaufmann | first5 = P. | title = Classification of human placental stem villi: review of structural and functional aspects. | journal = Microsc Res Tech | volume = 38 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 29-41 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/229::AID-JEMT53.0.CO;2-P | PMID = 9260835 }}</ref> | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Placental villous immaturity]]. | |||
*[[Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]]. | |||
===Image=== | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F5/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Placenta]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Placenta]] | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:06, 19 May 2014
| Placental mesenchymal dysplasia | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
|
| |
| LM | stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels, paucivascular or avascular terminal villi |
| LM DDx | placental villous immaturity, fetal thrombotic vasculopathy |
| Site | placenta |
|
| |
| Associated Dx | fetal demise, IUGR |
| Syndromes | Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome |
|
| |
| Prevalence | very rare |
| Clin. DDx | partial hydatidiform mole |
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, abbreviated PMD, is a very rare pathology of the placenta.
General
- Very rare ~ 70 reported cases.[1]
- Etiology unknown.
Associations:[1]
- IUGR ~ 50% of cases.
- Fetal demise ~ 40-45% of cases.
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
Gross
Features:[2]
- Placentomegaly.
- Grape-like vesicles.
DDx - gross:
Image:
Microscopic
Features:[3]
- Stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels.
- Paucivascular (few blood vessels) or avascular (terminal) villi.
Note:
- Stem villi = large villi with a fibrotic core and (fetal) arteries and veins.[4]
DDx:
Image
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pham, T.; Steele, J.; Stayboldt, C.; Chan, L.; Benirschke, K. (Jul 2006). "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: A report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature.". Am J Clin Pathol 126 (1): 67-78. doi:10.1309/RV45-HRD5-3YQ2-YFTP. PMID 16753607.
- ↑ Rohilla, M.; Siwatch, S.; Jain, V.; Nijhawan, R. (2012). "Placentomegaly and placental mesenchymal dysplasia.". BMJ Case Rep 2012. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-007777. PMID 23266781.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Umazume, T.; Kataoka, S.; Kamamuta, K.; Tanuma, F.; Sumie, A.; Shirogane, T.; Kudou, T.; Ikeda, H. (2011). "Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, a case of intrauterine sudden death of fetus with rupture of cirsoid periumbilical chorionic vessels.". Diagn Pathol 6: 38. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-6-38. PMID 21513565.
- ↑ Demir, R.; Kosanke, G.; Kohnen, G.; Kertschanska, S.; Kaufmann, P.. "Classification of human placental stem villi: review of structural and functional aspects.". Microsc Res Tech 38 (1-2): 29-41. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/229::AID-JEMT53.0.CO;2-P. PMID 9260835.