Difference between revisions of "Urothelium"

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===IHC===
===IHC===
*Ki-67 <25% of tumour cells.<ref name=pmid23944616>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rajcani | first1 = J. | last2 = Kajo | first2 = K. | last3 = Adamkov | first3 = M. | last4 = Moravekova | first4 = E. | last5 = Lauko | first5 = L. | last6 = Felcanova | first6 = D. | last7 = Bencat | first7 = M. | title = Immunohistochemical characterization of urothelial carcinoma. | journal = Bratisl Lek Listy | volume = 114 | issue = 8 | pages = 431-8 | month =  | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23944616 }}</ref>
*Ki-67:
**High-grade UCC >50% of tumour cells positive.
**Rajcani et al.:<ref name=pmid23944616>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rajcani | first1 = J. | last2 = Kajo | first2 = K. | last3 = Adamkov | first3 = M. | last4 = Moravekova | first4 = E. | last5 = Lauko | first5 = L. | last6 = Felcanova | first6 = D. | last7 = Bencat | first7 = M. | title = Immunohistochemical characterization of urothelial carcinoma. | journal = Bratisl Lek Listy | volume = 114 | issue = 8 | pages = 431-8 | month =  | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23944616 }}</ref> <25% of tumour cells for low-grade versus >50% tumour cell for high-grade.
**Pich et al.:<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pich | first1 = A. | last2 = Chiusa | first2 = L. | last3 = Comino | first3 = A. | last4 = Navone | first4 = R. | title = Cell proliferation indices, morphometry and DNA flow cytometry provide objective criteria for distinguishing low and high grade bladder carcinomas. | journal = Virchows Arch | volume = 424 | issue = 2 | pages = 143-8 | month =  | year = 1994 | doi =  | PMID = 7910097 }}</ref> 11%/17% G1/G2 versus 34% G3.


===Molecular===
===Molecular===
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