Difference between revisions of "Placenta"

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Placenta (view source)

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→‎Villitis of unknown etiology: split-out
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==Villitis of unknown etiology==
==Villitis of unknown etiology==
*Abbreviated ''VUE''.
{{Main|Villitis of unknown etiology}}
 
===General===
Features:<ref name=pmid17889674>{{cite journal |author=Redline RW |title=Villitis of unknown etiology: noninfectious chronic villitis in the placenta |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1439–46 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17889674 |doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2007.05.025 |url=}}</ref>
*Usually term placenta.
*Prevalence: 5% to 15% of all placentas.
*Associated with:
**[[Intrauterine growth restriction]] (IUGR).
**Recurrent reproductive loss/adverse outcomes in subsequent pregnancies -- '''key point'''.
***Recurrence in up 37% of cases.<ref name=pmid20604650>{{cite journal |author=Feeley L, Mooney EE |title=Villitis of unknown aetiology: correlation of recurrence with clinical outcome |journal=J Obstet Gynaecol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=476–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20604650 |doi=10.3109/01443611003802339 |url=}}</ref>
 
Etiology:
*Unknown - as the name of the entity suggests.
**Suspected to be immune-mediated.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=pmid17889674/>
*Lymphocytes in villous stroma - '''key feature'''.
**Usually focal/patchy.
**Lymphocytes: maternal derivation, T-lymphocytes -- mostly CD8-positive.
*+/-Intervillositis (lymphocytes between villi).
*+/-Histiocytes.
 
Notes:
*Lymphocytes are smaller and stain darker than the cells of the villi. (???)
*Neutrophils are usually absent.  A significant number of 'em is suggestive of an infectious villitis.
*Infective villitis is usu. B-cell predominant.
*'''No''' plasma cells - this suggests an infectious etiology.<ref>Sherman, C. 7 February 2011.</ref>
**Plasma cells may be seen in the decidua -- these can be ignored.
 
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Villitis_of_unknown_etiology_-_intermed_mag.jpg | VUE - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Villitis_of_unknown_etiology_-_very_high_mag.jpg | VUE - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254/F6.large.jpg VUE (bmj.com)].<ref>URL: [http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254.abstract http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254.abstract]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref>
**[http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3501/3954021698_84a3542b43.jpg VUE (flickr.com)].<ref name=jian>URL: [http://www.flickr.com/photos/jian-hua_qiao_md/3954021698/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/jian-hua_qiao_md/3954021698/]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref>
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/jian-hua_qiao_md/3954022678/in/photostream/ VUE (flickr.com)].<ref name=jian>URL: [http://www.flickr.com/photos/jian-hua_qiao_md/3954021698/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/jian-hua_qiao_md/3954021698/]. Accessed on: 11 January 2011.</ref>


==Chronic intervillitis==
==Chronic intervillitis==
Michael
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