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| ==Gynecomastoid hyperplasia== | | ==Gynecomastoid hyperplasia== |
| *[[AKA]] ''gynecomastia''. | | *[[AKA]] ''gynecomastia''. |
| | | {{Main|Gynecomastoid hyperplasia}} |
| ===General===
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| *Benign enlargement of breasts in males.
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| **Histologic changes may be seen in females.<ref name=stony03>URL: [http://www.hsc.stonybrook.edu/breast-atlas/XIII-03.htm http://www.hsc.stonybrook.edu/breast-atlas/XIII-03.htm]. Accessed on: 16 November 2011.</ref>
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| May be seen in the context of:
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| *[[Liver]] failure.
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| *[[Klinefelter syndrome]].
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| *Testicular estrogen-producing [[germ cell tumour]].
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| ===Microscopic===
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| Features:<ref name=stony03>URL: [http://www.hsc.stonybrook.edu/breast-atlas/XIII-03.htm http://www.hsc.stonybrook.edu/breast-atlas/XIII-03.htm]. Accessed on: 16 November 2011.</ref>
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| *Moderate hyperplasia.
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| **Glands have more than 2 cell layers.
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| *"Budding" - individual cells jut into the lumen - '''key feature'''.
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| **Buds may be multicellular; however, narrower toward the centre of the lumen.
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| *Stromal palor.<ref>URL: [http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/Breast/1693.htm http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/Breast/1693.htm]. Accessed on: 16 November 2011.</ref>
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| DDx:
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| *[[Micropapillary DCIS]] - buds not narrower toward the centre of the lumen.
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| ====Images====
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Gynecomastoid_hyperplasia_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Gynecomastoid hyperplasia - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
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| Image:Gynecomastoid_hyperplasia_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Gynecomastoid hyperplasia - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
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| Image:Gynecomastoid_hyperplasia_-2-_intermed_mag.jpg | Gynecomastoid hyperplasia - 2 - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
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| </gallery>
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| www:
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| *[http://www.hsc.stonybrook.edu/breast-atlas/XIII-03.htm Gynecomastoid hyperplasia (stonybrook.edu)].
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| *[http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/Breast/1693.htm Gynecomastia (radiology.uchc.edu)].
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| =Lesions with increased risk of malignancy= | | =Lesions with increased risk of malignancy= |