View source for Sudden infant death syndrome

'''Sudden infant death syndrome''', abbreviated '''SIDS''', is an unexplained rapid (and unexpected) death of a person older than one month and less than one year old, that is ''not'' explained after a full [[autopsy]], correlations with the death scene and the (clinical) history.<ref name=Ref_PCPBOD8_251>{{Ref PCPBoD8|251}}</ref><ref name=pmid22110293/>

==Pathogenesis==
It is not understood.  One hypothesis for SIDS is: immaturity of the arcuate nucleus of medulla (which control respiratory frequency).<ref name=Ref_PCPBOD8_251>{{Ref PCPBoD8|251}}</ref>

===Risk factors===
Parent:
*Low socioeconomic status.
*Maternal substance use.<ref name=pmid22110293>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Athanasakis | first1 = E. | last2 = Karavasiliadou | first2 = S. | last3 = Styliadis | first3 = I. | title = The factors contributing to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. | journal = Hippokratia | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 127-31 | month = Apr | year = 2011 | doi =  | PMID = 22110293 | PMC = 3209674}}</ref>
*No prenatal care.<ref name=nih_sids>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002533/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002533/]. Accessed on: 1 May 2012.</ref>
*Short time between pregnancies.<ref name=nih_sids/>
*Teenage mother.<ref name=nih_sids/>

Child:<ref name=pmid22110293/>
*Male.<ref name=pmid22451703>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Trachtenberg | first1 = FL. | last2 = Haas | first2 = EA. | last3 = Kinney | first3 = HC. | last4 = Stanley | first4 = C. | last5 = Krous | first5 = HF. | title = Risk Factor Changes for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome After Initiation of Back-to-Sleep Campaign. | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 129 | issue = 4 | pages = 630-8 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2011-1419 | PMID = 22451703 }}</ref>
*Prematurity.
*Low birth weight.
*[[IUGR]].
*Prone sleep, i.e. put to sleep on the front.
*Soft bed mattress.

Note:
*Breast feeding reduces the risk.<ref name=pmid22345043>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Zotter | first1 = H. | last2 = Pichler | first2 = G. | title = Breast feeding is associated with decreased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. | journal = Evid Based Med | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Feb | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/ebmed-2011-100337 | PMID = 22345043 }}</ref>

==Diagnosis==
*Diagnosis of exclusions with:<ref name=pmid22361390>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Brion | first1 = M. | last2 = Allegue | first2 = C. | last3 = Santori | first3 = M. | last4 = Gil | first4 = R. | last5 = Blanco-Verea | first5 = A. | last6 = Haas | first6 = C. | last7 = Bartsch | first7 = C. | last8 = Poster | first8 = S. | last9 = Madea | first9 = B. | title = Sarcomeric gene mutations in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). | journal = Forensic Sci Int | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Feb | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.018 | PMID = 22361390 }}</ref>
**[[Negative autopsy]].
***No significant pathology that could explain death.

DDx:
*Overlay (positional asphyxia).
*[[Suffocation]].<ref name=pmid22324498>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gilbert | first1 = NL. | last2 = Fell | first2 = DB. | last3 = Joseph | first3 = KS. | last4 = Liu | first4 = S. | last5 = León | first5 = JA. | last6 = Sauve | first6 = R. | last7 = Kramer | first7 = M. | last8 = Shah | first8 = P. | last9 = Kirby | first9 = R. | title = Temporal trends in sudden infant death syndrome in Canada from 1991 to 2005: contribution of changes in cause of death assignment practices and in maternal and infant characteristics. | journal = Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 124-30 | month = Mar | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01248.x | PMID = 22324498 }}
</ref>
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]].
*[[Channelopathy]].<ref name=pmid22361390/>

==See also==
*[[Forensic pathology]].
*[[Autopsy]].

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Forensic pathology]]
[[Category:Pediatric pathology]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]