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#Venous angioma. | #Venous angioma. | ||
#*Many small veins. | #*Many small veins. | ||
# | #Cavernous hemangioma (Cavernoma). | ||
#*Vessels are back-to-back (no intervening parenchyma). | #*Vessels are back-to-back (no intervening parenchyma). | ||
#Capillary teleangiectasia | |||
#*Small capillaries | |||
Also see: ''[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]''. | Also see: ''[[Sturge-Weber syndrome]]''. | ||
==Arteriovenous malformation== | ==Arteriovenous malformation== | ||
*Abbreviated ''AVM''. | |||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*High risk for bleeding vis-a-vis other vascular malformations. | *High risk for bleeding vis-a-vis other vascular malformations. | ||
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Image: | Image: | ||
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/11462589@N05/1125883661/in/photostream/ AVM (flickr.com)]. | *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/11462589@N05/1125883661/in/photostream/ AVM (flickr.com)]. | ||
Clinical DDx: | |||
*Melanocytic lesion. | |||
*Other vascular lesions. | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
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**"Large" = ~ 0.5 mm (0.25-1.0 mm). | **"Large" = ~ 0.5 mm (0.25-1.0 mm). | ||
***0.25 mm = ~ 31 RBC diameters across. | ***0.25 mm = ~ 31 RBC diameters across. | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
| Line 44: | Line 45: | ||
**[[Vein]]s do not have an external elastic lamina and have a poorly developed/thin internal elastic lamina. | **[[Vein]]s do not have an external elastic lamina and have a poorly developed/thin internal elastic lamina. | ||
==Cavernous | DDx: | ||
*Other vascular lesions. | |||
====Images==== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg | Cerebral AVM. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case123.html AVM - several images (upmc.edu)]. | |||
===Sign out=== | |||
<pre> | |||
ANUS, BIOPSY: | |||
- ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION (PROMINENT SUPERFICIAL DERMAL ARTERIES AND VEINS). | |||
- SKIN WITH PARAKERATOSIS. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MELANOCYTIC LESION. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
<pre> | |||
ANUS, BIOPSY: | |||
- SKIN WITH PARAKERATOSIS. | |||
- PROMINENT SUPERFICIAL DERMAL ARTERIES AND VEINS -- COMPATIBLE WITH | |||
ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MELANOCYTIC LESION. | |||
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. | |||
</pre> | |||
==Cavernous hemangioma== | |||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Usually diagnosed by radiology. | *Usually diagnosed by radiology. | ||
*Clinicians call it cavernoma. | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
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*Vessels back-to-back/little intervening parenchyma. | *Vessels back-to-back/little intervening parenchyma. | ||
**Muscle is absent in the vessel walls - '''key feature'''.<ref>MUN. 23 November 2010.</ref> | **Muscle is absent in the vessel walls - '''key feature'''.<ref>MUN. 23 November 2010.</ref> | ||
Images: | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Cavernous hemangioma.jpg | Cavernous hemangioma (WC/Patho82). | |||
File:Cavernous liver hemangioma - intermed mag.jpg | Cavernous hemangioma of the liver (WC). | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Venous angioma== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Subcortical white matter. | |||
*Most common vascular malformation found at autopsy. | |||
===Gross=== | |||
*May look like petechial hemorrhages. | |||
===Microscopy=== | |||
*Thin walled, dilated vascular channels. | |||
*Lesions larger than capillary teleangiectasia. | |||
==Cherry angioma== | ==Cherry angioma== | ||
*[[AKA]] ''Campbell De Morgan spots'' | *[[AKA]] ''Campbell De Morgan spots''. | ||
*[[AKA]] ''senile angioma''. | |||
*[[AKA]] ''cherry hemangioma''. | |||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
| Line 72: | Line 125: | ||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features:<ref>{{Ref Derm|546}}</ref> | Features:<ref>{{Ref Derm|546}}</ref> | ||
* | *Superficial polypoid lesion that is well-circumscribed. | ||
*Abundant capillaries - '''key feature'''. | *Abundant capillaries - '''key feature'''. | ||
DDx: | |||
*[[Venous lake]] - single vessel.<ref name=Ref_Derm551>{{Ref Derm|551}}</ref> | |||
*[[Hemangioma]]. | |||
Images: | Images: | ||
*[http://www.dermpathexpert.com/id30.html Cherry hemangioma (dermpathexpert.com)]. | *[http://www.dermpathexpert.com/id30.html Cherry hemangioma (dermpathexpert.com)]. | ||
*[http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/img/Dermatology%20Glossary/Glossary%20Histo%20Images/cherry_angioma_mid_power.jpg Cherry angioma (ucsf.edu)].<ref name=ucsf_ca>URL:: [http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/cherry_angioma.html http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/cherry_angioma.html]. Accessed on: 13 August 2012.</ref> | *[http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/img/Dermatology%20Glossary/Glossary%20Histo%20Images/cherry_angioma_mid_power.jpg Cherry angioma (ucsf.edu)].<ref name=ucsf_ca>URL:: [http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/cherry_angioma.html http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/DermatologyGlossary/cherry_angioma.html]. Accessed on: 13 August 2012.</ref> | ||
==Capillary teleangiectasia== | |||
*Usually incidental finding at autopsy. | |||
*Pons as predilection site. | |||
===Microscopy=== | |||
*Many small, thin walled capillaries surrounded by normal brain. | |||
*No hemorrhage. | |||
Images: | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Teleangiectasia brain.jpg | CNS teleangiectasia | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Malformation]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiovascular pathology]] | [[Category:Cardiovascular pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Neuropathology]] | [[Category:Neuropathology]] | ||