Difference between revisions of "Vascular disease"

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Vascular disease (view source)

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==Cholesterol embolism==
==Cholesterol embolism==
*Abbreviated ''CE''.
*Abbreviated ''CE''.
{{Main|Cholesterol embolism}}


===General===
*Strong association with [[atherosclerosis]] - found in ~3% of individuals in an [[autopsy]] series of 267 older individuals (mean age ~65 years).<ref name=pmid19970827>{{cite journal | author=Flory CM | title=Arterial occlusions produced by emboli from eroded aortic atheromatous plaques | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 1945 | volume=21 | pages=549–565 | pmid=19970827 | issue=3 | pmc=1934118}}</ref>
*Significant CEs are often iatrogenic.
**Known complication of coronary catherization (incidence ~ 1%).<ref name=pmid12875753>{{cite journal |author=Fukumoto Y, Tsutsui H, Tsuchihashi M, Masumoto A, Takeshita A |title=The incidence and risk factors of cholesterol embolization syndrome, a complication of cardiac catheterization: a prospective study |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=211–6 |year=2003 |month=July |pmid=12875753 |doi=10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00579-5 | url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109703005795}}</ref>
**May complicate any vascular surgery, CABG.
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg5_1735-6>{{Ref Sternberg5|1735-6}}</ref>
*Intravascular cholesterol clefts (biconvex white spaces) - '''key feature'''.
**Typically ~ 100-500 micrometers (long axis) x 50-100 micrometers (short axis). (?)
*+/-Macrophages and giant cells.
*+/-Eosinophils.
Note:
*May be associated with ischemic changes and [[necrosis]].
*Usually in the context of severe atherosclerosis.
Note (trivia):
*Cholesterol crystals dissolve with routine processing (paraffin embedding); this is why one talks of "cholesterol clefts".
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Cholesterol_embolus_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Cholesterol embolus - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Cholesterol_embolus_-_high_mag.jpg | Cholesterol embolus - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
==Coarctation of the aorta==
==Coarctation of the aorta==
*[[AKA]] ''aortic coarctation''.
*[[AKA]] ''aortic coarctation''.
Michael
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