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Difference between revisions of "Tissue fixation"
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'''Tissue fixation''', usually just '''fixation''', is an important part of tissue preparation for histologic examination. It is typically done with formalin. | '''Tissue fixation''', usually just '''fixation''', is an important part of tissue preparation for histologic examination. It is typically done with formalin. | ||
== | ==Implications== | ||
Pathologist have a great lifestyle 'cause tissue takes long to fix; the penetration of tissue by formalin is 1 mm/hour.<ref>Gross rounds. 14 August 2009.</ref> | |||
* | ==Ratio== | ||
The dictum is:<ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/UvealMelanom_11protocol.pdf http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/UvealMelanom_11protocol.pdf]. Accessed on: 27 March 2012.</ref> | |||
*''The volume of fixative should be 10x the volume of specimen.'' | |||
==Tissue fixation== | ==Tissue fixation== | ||
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| ??? | | ??? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Glutaraldehyde | | Glutaraldehyde<ref name=pmid8787969>{{Cite journal | last1 = Prentø | first1 = P. | title = Glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy: a practical investigation of commercial glutaraldehydes and glutaraldehyde-storage conditions. | journal = Histochem J | volume = 27 | issue = 11 | pages = 906-13 | month = Nov | year = 1995 | doi = | PMID = 8787969 }}</ref> | ||
| [[electron microscopy]] | | [[electron microscopy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ethanol | | Ethanol | ||
| [[cytopathology]] | | [[cytopathology]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Carnoy | | Carnoy | ||
| Line 30: | Line 32: | ||
| Bouin | | Bouin | ||
| toxic ??? | | toxic ??? | ||
|- | |||
| B5 | |||
| used for [[lymphoma]], superior morphology - but toxic, <br>not good for IHC & DNA analysis<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bonds | first1 = LA. | last2 = Barnes | first2 = P. | last3 = Foucar | first3 = K. | last4 = Sever | first4 = CE. | title = Acetic acid-zinc-formalin: a safe alternative to B-5 fixative. | journal = Am J Clin Pathol | volume = 124 | issue = 2 | pages = 205-11 | month = Aug | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1309/29DA-CY9K-BHNW-4BG6 | PMID = 16040290 }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| IBF fixative | |||
| used bone marrow and lymphatic tissue;<ref>URL: [http://www.leicabiosystems.com/specimen-preparation/consumables/reagents-solutions/fixatives/details/product/ibf-tissue-fixative-1/ http://www.leicabiosystems.com/specimen-preparation/consumables/reagents-solutions/fixatives/details/product/ibf-tissue-fixative-1/]. Accessed on: 26 September 2014.</ref> gives better nuclear detail in prostate biopsies compared to formalin<ref name=pmid16390230>{{Cite journal | last1 = Trpkov | first1 = K. | last2 = Renault | first2 = P. | last3 = Yilmaz | first3 = A. | last4 = Ali-Ridha | first4 = N. | title = IBF as a formalin substitute fixative in prostate biopsy pathology. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 130 | issue = 1 | pages = 13-4 | month = Jan | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2006)130[13b:IAAFSF]2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 16390230 |URL = http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/1543-2165(2006)130%5B13b%3AIAAFSF%5D2.0.CO%3B2 }}</ref> | |||
|} | |} | ||
=Tissue fixation= | =Tissue fixation= | ||
==Formalin== | ==Formalin== | ||
*May | *May be written (incorrectly) as "formulin". | ||
*Formaldehyde + methanol. | *Formaldehyde + methanol. | ||
= | =Fixing marking dye= | ||
To fix marking dye: | |||
*Formal-acetic alcohol (FAA):<ref>URL: [http://www.brunelmicroscopes.co.uk/acatalog/Solvents___Reagents.html http://www.brunelmicroscopes.co.uk/acatalog/Solvents___Reagents.html]. Accessed on: 5 January 2011.</ref> | |||
*Bouin's solution. | |||
==Formal-acetic-alcohol== | ==Formal-acetic-alcohol== | ||
General: | General: | ||
| Line 50: | Line 62: | ||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
*[[Basics]]. | *[[Basics]]. | ||
*[[Histology artifacts]]. | |||
*[[Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded]]. | |||
=References= | =References= | ||
| Line 57: | Line 71: | ||
*[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-formalin.htm What is formalin (wisegeek.com)]. | *[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-formalin.htm What is formalin (wisegeek.com)]. | ||
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_%28histology%29 Fixation (WP)]. | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_%28histology%29 Fixation (WP)]. | ||
*[http://www-bioc.rice.edu/bios576/histology/histology.htm General overview of histology (rice.edu)]. | |||
[[Category:Basics]] | [[Category:Basics]] | ||